Enrichment in specific fatty acids profile of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens larvae through feeding

Lawal, Kehinde; Kavle, Ruchita Rao; Akanbi, Taiwo O.; Mirosa, Miranda; Agyei, Dominic

doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100016

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Even so, our outcomes seem to indicate that the fatty acid profile of T. molitor is significantly influenced by changes in the diet composition, consistent with previous studies which were carried out with different diets, including chia seeds, flax seeds, oat or wheat flours or vegetables [39,41,47].…”

Section: Tenebrio Molitorsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The ω6:ω3 ratio was always greater than 50, higher than in other studies reported in the literature [19,41,45], and significantly higher than 4.0, which is the suggested optimal value in food fats [46]. On the other hand, the SFA:UFA ratio was always lower than 0.5; these values are within the same range of previous studies on T. molitor reared on wheat, oat flour and bread [39,41], and indicate that the fat of all the biomasses of T. molitor had a proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids suitable for human consumption.…”

Section: Tenebrio Molitorsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Generally, larvae obtained in this work contained linoleic acid (4.44-12.7%) levels comparable to larvae reared on chicken feed (14.7%), but lower than those reared on okara (28.4%), maize distillers (24.3%) fish offal (25.1%), brown algae (24%) or hemp seeds (26%) [11,31,39,40]. Oleic or linoleic were reported to be derived from biosynthesis pathways and diet accumulation, unlike lauric acid (exclusively synthesized) [32].…”

Section: Hermetia Illucensmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Impact of Diets Including Agro-Industrial By-Products on the Fatty Acid and Sterol Profiles of Larvae Biomass from Ephestia kuehniella, Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens

Boukid

Riudavets

Arco

et al. 2021

Insects

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Rearing insects on agro-industrial by-products is a sustainable strategy for the circular economy while producing valuable products for feed and foods. In this context, this study investigated the impact of larvae diet containing agro-industrial by-products on the contents of fatty acids and sterols of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). For each insect, selected diets were formulated using single or combined agro-industrial by-products (i.e., apricot, brewer’s spent grain and yeast, and feed mill) and compared to a control diet. Fatty acid profiles showed differences depending on diet composition, but mostly depended on species: H. illucens was characterized by the abundance of C12:0, C16:0 and C18:2, whereas C:16, C18:1(n-9c), and C18:2(n-6c) were predominant in T. molitor and E. kuehniella. Sterols significantly varied as a function of diet composition and species. H. illucens showed low cholesterol levels and high campesterol and β sitosterol levels (0.031, 0.554 and 1.035 mg/g, respectively), whereas T. molitor and E. kuehniella had high cholesterol and low campesterol contents (1.037 and 0.078 g/kg, respectively, for T. molitor; 0.873 and 0.132 g/kg, respectively, for E. kuehniella).

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Section: Tenebrio Molitorsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Tenebrio Molitorsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Hermetia Illucensmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Impact of Diets Including Agro-Industrial By-Products on the Fatty Acid and Sterol Profiles of Larvae Biomass from Ephestia kuehniella, Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens

Boukid

Riudavets

Arco

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…Hence, taking into account that the only n-3 fatty acid detected was linolenic (C18:3), while the n-6 fatty acids were linoleic and docosa-13,16-dienoic acid, the n-6/n-3 ratio in the treatments was lower but not significantly different than control value (p < 0.05). However, increased n-3 levels and an improved n-6/n-3 ratio can be obtained by supplementing diets with substrates that are rich in n-3 fatty acids [80,81].…”

Section: Fatty Acid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of growth, nutritional value, and microbial load of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) through probiotic supplemented feed

Rizou

Kalogiouri

Bisba

et al. 2021

Eur Food Res Technol

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Industrial production of Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML), a promising source of protein for food, requires safety, fast growth, maturation, and high survival. Probiotics, enhance host growth and protect against pathogens and diseases. This study evaluates the effects of three probiotic bacteria immobilized on the diet of mealworms, on growth performance, nutritional value, and microbial load of T. molitor larvae. The bacteria employed were Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus toyonensis and Enterococcus faecalis, all presenting probiotic properties. The highest larvae weight and length gain and shorter time to pupation were observed in the E. faecalis series. Following probiotic administration, the crude protein content increased, and crude fat was reduced. The highest protein values were observed in E. faecalis series, the highest dry matter content when B. toyonensis and B. subtilis were employed, and the lowest fat content in B. subtilis series. Fatty acid analysis showed significantly decreased content of palmitic and myristic acid and increased levels of stearic acid in all treatments. Microbial load analysis showed a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae by 46 and 99% in B. subtilis and B. toyonensis series, while coliforms and endospores were significantly reduced in all probiotic series. Addition of probiotic bacteria in T. molitor larvae diet resulted in a significant improvement in terms of growth enhancement, nutritional fortification, and microbial load reduction. In conclusion, probiotic bacteria in TML diet result in the faster production of nutritious and safe insects, to cover insect food market demands.

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“…Kandungan asam miristat, palmitat, dan stearat sebagai asam lemak jenuh pada sumber protein alternatif cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sumber protein konvensional, yakni sebesar 3.55-13,86%BK dibandingkan 0,59-2,91%BK (Tabel 3). Menurut Lawal et al (2021) kandungan 7 asam lemak jenuh (asam laurat, asam miristat, asam pentadecanoat, asam palmitat, asam margarat, asam stearat, dan asam arachidonat) pada larva BSF adalah sebesar 59,13-86,75% total asam lemak, setara dengan 10,76-25,03% BK, sedangkan kandungan asam lemak jenuh larva ulat hongkong adalah sebesar 26,95-28,61% total asam lemak, setara dengan 8,69-11,33% BK. Nilai tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan asam lemak jenuh pada Tabel 3, yakni 3,55-13,86%BK pada maggot dan 11,02%BK pada ulat hongkong.…”

Section: Kandungan Asam Lemakunclassified

Utilization of Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens), Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and Silkworm (Samia ricini dan Bombyx mori) as Alternative Feed Protein Sources

Herliatika¹,

Permatahati²,

Pujiawati³

et al. 2021

WARTAZOA

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<p>The insect which contains high protein is potential to be used as an unconventional protein source (UPS) in feed. Production cost of this feedstuff is affordable through utilization of waste as growing media. Moreover, this production helps the environment by reducing the unprocessed waste. This study aims to review the potential use of cricket, black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and silkworm as UPS in replacing fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) in the feed. The insect meal contains relative similar crude protein but higher ether-extract compared to conventional protein sources. The insect meal contains higher tyrosine but lower arginine, histidine, lysine, and tryptophan compared to FM and SM. The chitin content in UPS decreases the digestibility, causing restriction its utilization in the diet. However, it can be used as antibacterial and antifungal in feed, and in ruminant, it can be used to mitigate enteric methane emission. UPS in layer and broiler diet can replace SM, meanwhile, in quail diet, it can replace FM. From different sources, it can be summarised that the potential addition of BSF, cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the broiler’s diet is 8%DM replacing 100% SM, 5-15%DM replacing 40-100% FM, 5-29,5%DM replacing 3-100% SM, and 7,8%DM replacing 100% SM, respectively. The potential addition of BSF and mealworm in the layer’s diet is 10-15%DM replacing 66-100% SM and 2-5%DM replacing 21% SM, respectively. The potential addition of cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the quail’s diet is 2-8%DM replacing 25-100% FM, 2,25%DM replacing 25% FM, and 2,08-6,25%DM replacing 26-76% FM, respectively.</p>

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Enrichment in specific fatty acids profile of Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens larvae through feeding

Cited by 45 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of Diets Including Agro-Industrial By-Products on the Fatty Acid and Sterol Profiles of Larvae Biomass from Ephestia kuehniella, Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens

Impact of Diets Including Agro-Industrial By-Products on the Fatty Acid and Sterol Profiles of Larvae Biomass from Ephestia kuehniella, Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens

Amelioration of growth, nutritional value, and microbial load of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) through probiotic supplemented feed

Utilization of Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens), Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and Silkworm (Samia ricini dan Bombyx mori) as Alternative Feed Protein Sources

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