Enrichment features and significances of Ag and dispersed elements in the ores in the Huize Carbonate-hosted Zn–Pb–(Ag–Ge) District, Yunnan, China

Geology and geochemistry of Zn-Pb(-Ge-Ag) deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Triangle area, China: A review and a new type

“…In the NEYD, there are eight oblique strike-slip belts that compose a NE-trending structural group (Han et al, 2007b;Han et al, 2012a) (Figure 1). These are the Xundian-Xuanwei, Dongchuan-Zhenxiong (also referred to as the Jinniuchang-Kuangshanchang belt in the Huize district), Huize-Yiliang, Ludian-Daguan-Yanjin, Qiaojia-Jinsha, Yiliang-Qujing, Luliang-Fuyuan, and Luoping-Puan belts.…”

“…This district, which is one of richest super-large rich Ge-Agbearing Zn-Pb deposits worldwide and typical of the NEYD (Figure 1; Table 1), is situated at the eastern side of the Xiaojiang fault belt and comprised of the Kuangshanchang, Qilinchang, and Yinchangpo deposits, located 40 km from Huize town, which has supported mining in both ancient and present times (Han et al, 2006). Numerous advances have occurred, especially in terms of deposit geology (Liu and Lin, 1999;Han et al, 2006;Han et al 2007b;Han et al 2012a;Han et al 2014;Han et al 2015;Han et al 2016). Therefore, we focus on the characteristics of the tectonic mineralisation and alteration, which have received less attention in previous studies.…”

“…The bead-like and columnar ore-bodies occur at full thicknesses in flat fault areas and thin thicknesses along steep faults, stably extending to an elevation of −38 m (Figures 7, 8). Ore-forming processes have been divided into the hydrothermal ore-forming period (including pyritesphalerite, sphalerite-galena-pyrite, and calcite-pyrite stages) and the epigenesis period (Han et al, 2007b). Mineral zoning and alteration from ore-bodies to wall rocks occurs in four parts (Figure 5C): Zn-Pb ore zone (net vein and dense, massive Pb-Zn ore zone) → ore-nearing zone (pinhole with coarse crystalline dolomite zone with strong ferrous dolomitisation-pyritisation) → transitional zone (coarse crystalline dolomite zone with strong dolomitisation and calcitisation) → peripheral zone (finecrystalline dolomite zone with calcitisation).…”

“…Qingshan deposit is a typical middle-sized deposits of the SW wing of the Weining-Shuicheng anticline in the middle of the Weining-Shuicheng Pb-Zn sub-metallogenic belt in NWGD. The main exposed strata in the mining area (Figure 7A (Chen and Zeng, 1984;Luo, 1995;Xia and Shu, 1995;Lin, 1998;Chen et al, 2000;Kuang et al, 2002;Han et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2007;Yang and Lao, 2007;Zhu et al, 2010;Han et al, 2011a;Li, 2011;Tang et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2012); (Yin et al, 1983;Wang, 1991;Luo, 1995;Wen et al, 1995;Xu et al, 1996;Zhou, 1996;Liu and Lin, 1999;Han et al, 2006;Han et al, 2007b).…”

“…Fluid B is characterized by heavier C-O-H isotopic compositions (−2‰ < δ 13 C‰ < 1‰; 2‰ < δ 18 O‰ < 24‰; −66‰ < δD‰ < −43‰) than Fluid A and cycles continuously within the strata. By combining analyses of Sr-Nd-Pb tracers, Han et al (2004;Han et al, 2007b) stress that the oreforming elements in the deposits mainly derive from the folded Mesoproterozoic basement. The metallogenic fluid is a mix of a deep-origin fluid and basin fluid (Zhang et al, 2017b).…”