Enriching the Pore: Splendid Complexity from Humble Origins

Field, Mark C.; Kořený, Luděk; Rout, Michael P.

doi:10.1111/tra.12141

Cited by 43 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…8,15,16 This supports the idea that the elaborate architecture of the NPC arose through repeated duplication events from a simple progenitor coating complex. 8,17,18 Variations on a theme: using the same building blocks to assemble different NPC structures At the heart of the NPC there appears to be a remarkably conserved core subcomplex. This is the inner ring complex, almost identical in protein composition and arrangement between all eukaryotes studied, including trypanosomes.…”

Section: Copy and Paste: The Npc's Scaffold Arose Through Ancient Dupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). 17,18 Later, the evolution of FG-Nups led to a more sophisticated gating system, that was further elaborated to include cytoplasmic and nucleoplasm biased FG-Nups and to include the elaborate mRNA export machinery in opisthokonts (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Tms and Alps: Multiple Ways To Tether A Leviathanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We propose a model in which the NPC evolved gating functions in a stepwise manner starting with a simple coat that acquired complexity through a series of duplications as observed in endomembrane trafficking. 17,18 This then led to the evolution of FG-Nups and then further diversification into the current metazoan type NPC with a nuclear basket and cytoplasmic filaments.…”

Section: Tms and Alps: Multiple Ways To Tether A Leviathanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative interactomics provides evidence for functional specialization of the nuclear pore complex

Obado

Field

Rout

2017

Nucleus

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The core architecture of the eukaryotic cell was established well over one billion years ago, and is largely retained in all extant lineages. However, eukaryotic cells also possess lineagespecific features, frequently keyed to specific functional requirements. One quintessential core eukaryotic structure is the nuclear pore complex (NPC), responsible for regulating exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm as well as acting as a nuclear organizational hub. NPC architecture has been best documented in one eukaryotic supergroup, the Opisthokonts (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Homo sapiens), which although compositionally similar, have significant variations in certain NPC subcomplex structures. The variation of NPC structure across other taxa in the eukaryotic kingdom however, remains poorly understood. We explored trypanosomes, highly divergent organisms, and mapped and assigned their NPC proteins to specific substructures to reveal their NPC architecture. We showed that the NPC central structural scaffold is conserved, likely across all eukaryotes, but more peripheral elements can exhibit very significant lineage-specific losses, duplications or other alterations in their components. Amazingly, trypanosomes lack the major components of the mRNA export platform that are asymmetrically localized within yeast and vertebrate NPCs. Concomitant with this, the trypanosome NPC is ALMOST completely symmetric with the nuclear basket being the only major source of asymmetry. We suggest these features point toward a stepwise evolution of the NPC in which a coating scaffold first stabilized the pore after which selective gating emerged and expanded, leading to the addition of peripheral remodeling machineries on the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic sides of the pore.

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Section: Copy and Paste: The Npc's Scaffold Arose Through Ancient Dupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tms and Alps: Multiple Ways To Tether A Leviathanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tms and Alps: Multiple Ways To Tether A Leviathanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative interactomics provides evidence for functional specialization of the nuclear pore complex

Obado

Field

Rout

2017

Nucleus

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“…Although the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and importin-α system are present, key nuclear import and export molecules are not easily identified (17)(18)(19). Furthermore, the NPC composition is divergent, so that only nucleoporins containing phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats (FG-Nups) and a putative Nup54 can be predicted by primary sequence homology (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

O -fucosylated glycoproteins form assemblies in close proximity to the nuclear pore complexes of Toxoplasma gondii

Bandini

Haserick

Motari

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes disseminated infections in fetuses and immunocompromised individuals. Although gene regulation is important for parasite differentiation and pathogenesis, little is known about protein organization in the nucleus. Here we show that the fucose-binding Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) binds to numerous punctate structures in the nuclei of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites but not oocysts. AAL also binds to Hammondia and Neospora nuclei but not to more distantly related apicomplexans. Analyses of the AAL-enriched fraction indicate that AAL binds O-linked fucose added to Ser/Thr residues present in or adjacent to Ser-rich domains (SRDs). Sixty-nine Ser-rich proteins were reproducibly enriched with AAL, including nucleoporins, mRNA-processing enzymes, and cell-signaling proteins. Two endogenous SRDs-containing proteins and an SRD-YFP fusion localize with AAL to the nuclear membrane. Superresolution microscopy showed that the majority of the AAL signal localizes in proximity to nuclear pore complexes. Host cells modify secreted proteins with O-fucose; here we describe the O-fucosylation pathway in the nucleocytosol of a eukaryote. Furthermore, these results suggest O-fucosylation is a mechanism by which proteins involved in gene expression accumulate near the NPC.toxoplasma | fucose | nuclear glycosylation | nuclear pore complex T he apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes disseminated infections in humans, and these infections can lead to severe damage in immunocompromised individuals and fetuses (1, 2). There is no human vaccine against T. gondii, and recently the price of pyrimethamine, the drug used to treat toxoplasmosis in the United States, has increased more than 50-fold (2).T. gondii has a complex life cycle, and the parasite's ability to differentiate through its life stages in response to stresses and environmental conditions is fundamental for its pathogenicity and transmission (3). Transcriptome analyses have revealed that a large percentage of mRNAs show life stage-specific expression (4) and/or cell cycle regulation (5). Recent studies have increased our understanding of gene expression in T. gondii by identifying the AP2 family of transcription factors (6-8) and by describing posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones and some of the enzymes responsible for them (9-11). However, little is known about protein organization at the nuclear periphery, a subnuclear compartment that plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation in many eukaryotes. In particular, the gene-gating model (12) suggests that the nuclear pore complex (NPC) has a role in transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization as well as in protein and mRNA transport (13,14).In T. gondii chromodomain protein 1 localizes with heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery (15), and centromeres sequester to an apical nuclear region (16). Although the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and importin-α system are present, key nuclear import and export molecules are...

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“…The channel for bidirectional trafficking is the nuclear pore complex, a mechanism of mechanical support (lamins) and of chromosomal positioning and segregation (Devos, Graf et al 2014). Many models have been offered for nuclear origins and the events underlying the acquisition of an endomembrane system (Devos, Dokudovskaya et al 2004, Embley and Martin 2006, Field, Sali et al 2011, Hoelz, Debler et al 2011, Wilson and Dawson 2011, Koumandou, Wickstead et al 2013, Field, Koreny et al 2014. Moreover, signal transduction pathways evolved to use all the strategies to ensure the receipt of the signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary role of the nucleus

Agoni

2015

Preprint

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Communication is of great importance in cells: it is matter of survival. Cells communicate each other in many ways. Inside the cell the information proceeds through the form of signal transduction pathways. We consider a possible role of the nucleus in the regulation of the flow of information at the last step of signal transduction pathways. In particular, we evaluate the importance of clarity for the report about the environmental conditions and the relative response of cells using over-estimating and under-estimating probabilities concepts.

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Enriching the Pore: Splendid Complexity from Humble Origins

Cited by 43 publications

References 79 publications

Comparative interactomics provides evidence for functional specialization of the nuclear pore complex

Comparative interactomics provides evidence for functional specialization of the nuclear pore complex

O -fucosylated glycoproteins form assemblies in close proximity to the nuclear pore complexes of Toxoplasma gondii

Evolutionary role of the nucleus

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