Enriched on-grown Artemia metanauplii actively metabolise highly unsaturated fatty acid-rich phospholipids

Abstract

On-grown (metanaupliar) stages of Artemia, have been regarded as more adequate preys for early life-cycle stages of cephalopods, crustaceans, and a variety of fish species. In recent studies, we obtained successful enhancements of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and polar lipids (PL) in enriched Artemia metanauplii using either a combination of a commercial, neutral lipid (NL)-based HUFA-rich emulsion and Soya lecithin, or HUFA-rich phospholipids. The present study aimed at exploring the molecular form under which dietary HUFA are actually deposited in the metanaupliar lipids. Thus, we analysed the fatty acid (FA) composition of the PL and NL fractions from enriched metanauplii, with special emphasis to the fate of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) within Artemia lipids. The results show that on-grown Artemia actively translocated ingested FA contained into PL to NL classes including triacylglycerides.

Meta‐analysis approach to the effects of live prey on the growth of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae under culture conditions

“…Moreover, the use of the LC enrichment promoted an increase in the PL fraction in Artemia (Guinot et al . ). Therefore, the beneficial effects of LC on paralarval dry weight gain could be related to improvements in lipid composition of Artemia .…”

“…Guinot et al . (,b) have demonstrated that the use of marine phospholipids such as marine lecithin LC60 ® (LC) as enrichment improved the content of DHA and PL in Artemia . Therefore, the next step was to compare the effect of this product on paralarval DW gain with other Artemia enrichments, tested either individually or in combination.…”

“…In addition, several studies conducted by Guinot et al . (,b) have shown an increase in PL and HUFA content in Artemia , using marine phospholipids (Marine lecithin LC60, LC) as enrichment.…”

Effect of enrichment time and dietary DHA and non-highly unsaturated fatty acid composition on the efficiency of DHA enrichment in phospholipid of rotifer (Brachionus Cayman)

“…Most relevant studies have focused on fatty acid composition in total PL of Artemia (Sargent et al, 1999;Guinot et al, 2013) and rotifers (Frolov et al, 1991;FernandezReiriz and Labarta, 1996;Olsen et al, 2014), whereas even fewer have reported on fatty acid composition in specific PL classes, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (Coutteau and Mourente, 1997;Jin et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015). Most studies of DHA enrichment of PL in Artemia showed that DHA ended up in TAG and that very little DHA were incorporated into PL (less than 3% of total fatty acid in PL) (Coutteau and Mourente, 1997;Sargent et al, 1999;Guinot et al, 2013;Jin et al, 2014). Our previous study on rotifer enrichment showed that the highest DHA% in PC and PE that could be reached was 12.5% and 5.1%, respectively, which was far lower than the DHA% found in PL of copepods (Li et al, 2015).…”

Investigating the essential fatty acids in the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): Molecular cloning and functional characterisation of fatty acyl desaturase and elongase

“…Recently, the EFA requirements of Octopus vulgaris have been recently characterised through the characterisation of genes encoding enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthetic pathways including fatty acyl desaturases (Fad) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins (Monroig et al, 2012a(Monroig et al, , 2012b. This approach proved an invaluable tool to identify the specific FA fulfilling the EFA requirements for any animal species (Bell and Tocher, 2009), but was particularly useful in cephalopod early life-cycle stages where availability and viability of individuals to run feeding trials cannot always be guaranteed, and where there is total reliance on live prey-based diets where levels of PUFA cannot be fully controlled (Guinot et al, 2013a(Guinot et al, , 2013b.…”