Enriched Marine Oil Supplement Increases Specific Plasma Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators in Adults with Obesity

Abstract

Background Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), resolve inflammation and return damaged tissue to homeostasis. Thus, increasing metabolites of the SPM biosynthetic pathway may have potential health benefits for select clinical populations such as those with obesity that display dysregulation of SPM metabolism. However, bioavailability of SPMs and their metabolic intermediates in humans with obesity remains unclear. Objectives The primary objective was to determine if a marine oil supplement increased specific metabolites of the SPM biosynthetic pathway in adults with obesity. The second objective was to determine if the supplement changed the relative abundance of key immune cell populations. Finally, given the critical role of antibodies in inflammation, we determined if ex vivo CD19 + B cell antibody production was modified by marine oil intervention. Methods Twenty-three subjects, median age of 56y and BMI of 33.1, consumed 2 g/d of a marine oil supplement for 28–30 days. The supplement was particularly enriched with 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic, 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic, and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids. Blood was collected pre/post supplementation for plasma mass spectrometry oxylipin and fatty acid analyses, flow cytometry, and B cell isolation. Paired T-tests/Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analyses. Results Relative to pre-intervention, the supplement increased six different hydroxyeicosapentaenoic and hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids accompanied by changes in plasma PUFAs. Resolvin E1 and docosapentaenoic acid-derived maresin 1 levels were respectively increased 3.5 and 4.7-fold upon intervention. The supplement did not increase the concentration of D-series resolvins and had no effect on the abundance of immune cells. Ex vivo B cell IgG but not IgM levels were lowered post-supplementation. Conclusions A marine oil supplement increased select SPMs and their metabolic intermediates in adults with obesity. Additional studies are needed to determine if increased levels of specific SPMs control the resolution of inflammation in humans with obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04701138).

Chewing the fat: How lipidomics is changing our understanding of human health and disease in 2022

“…Due to the elevated risk of mortality with these diseases, there is a need for strategies in its identification, prevention, and treatment within healthcare. In 2022, as evidenced in Figure 5, the bulk of research articles focussed on related diseases: CVD, 232–255 diabetes, 166,233,249,250,256–278 liver disease, 51,279–293 MetS 277,294,295 and obesity 277,295–305 …”

“…Bibliometric analyses of clinical lipidomics publications in 2022 according to separation techniques, detectors, and RPLC columns used …”

“…,51,[279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293] MetS277,294,295 and obesity 277,[295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304][305]. Coleman et al investigated the pathogenesis and involvement of the gastrointestinal tract with the syndrome through multiple experiments including an untargeted RPLC-MS/MS analysis of faecal samples of people with MetS and healthy controls.…”

Factors affecting variability in free oxylipins in mammalian tissues

“…One of the most well studied causes of variation is diet, particularly the effects of differing dietary fatty acids since oxylipins are derived from PUFAs. In the past 18 months reports on the effect of diet in healthy children at risk for type 1 diabetes [38] and on the effects of fish oil supplementation in healthy young adults [11], adults with migraines [39], and in adults with obesity [40,41] have confirmed previous findings (reviewed [6]) that higher dietary/supplemental eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) result in higher plasma EPA and DHA oxylipins, while effects on ARA-derived oxylipins are more heterogeneous. In healthy young adults, changes can be observed 1 day after initiation of supplementation with a DHA-rich fish oil, and EPA and DHA oxylipins reach a plateau by 1 week of supplementation [11].…”

Mistakes in the re-analysis of lipidomic data obtained from a human model of resolving inflammation lead to erroneous conclusions

“…inflammation resolution and tissue repair). Recent studies from many independent investigators have linked alterations in the endogenous production of these molecules with disease propagation and severity [1][2][3][4] as well as with the protective activities of omega-3 supplements [5][6][7] . Studies by Gilroy and colleagues have indicated how efficient engagement of SPM, namely 15-epi-lipoxin A4, links with the ability of humans to resolve inflammation as well as to respond to the anti-inflammatory activities of aspirin 8,9 .…”