Enriched feeds with iodine and selenium from natural and sustainable sources to modulate farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets elemental nutritional value

Abstract

Barbosa et al. (2020). Enriched feeds with iodine and selenium from natural and sustainable sources to modulate farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets elemental nutritional value.

The utilization of new products formulated from water coconut, palm sap sugar, and fungus to increase nutritional feed quality, feed efficiency, growth, and carcass of gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) juvenile

“…However, these fatty acids were at very low or undetectable levels in the diets, like eicosadienoic acid type. This fact demonstrates that gurami sago, similar to other freshwater fish species, such as Oreochromis niloticus 61 and Cyprinus carpio 21 , can elongate and desaturate fatty acids from precursors present in the diet, including 18C:0 fatty acids and possibly from linoleic fatty acid in large quantities from the diets.…”

“…Different strategies have been developed to improve aquafeed nutrition, including enriching feed with fish oil 9,19 , soybean oil 20 , iodine and selenium 21 , EPA and DHA 22 , and the use of probiotics 23 . The goal is to make the diet rich in nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins because the animal cannot synthesize them in sufficient quantities to meet their needs 17,24,25 .…”

“…Based on previous research, supplementation of commercial feed with product formulas consisting of coconut water, palm sugar, and fermented with various fungi (Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oligosporus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is very important to evaluate. In addition, fish has a dominant function on consumer health because it is rich in amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals 19,21,25 . Therefore, we also analyzed gurami sago's health lipid indices by analyzing several carcass fatty acids types.…”

Biofortified Diets Containing Algae and Selenised Yeast: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Tissue Composition of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

“…In the present study, fish fed the diets supplemented with selenised yeast were able to increasingly retain the ingested selenium and accumulate it in their bodies. In a complementary study, with the same enriched feeds, it was demonstrated that the dietary supplementation with 0.02% selenised yeast was enough to achieve higher selenium contents in seabream filets compared with CTRL (0.23–0.36 μg g –1 in AD diets vs. 0.18 μg g –1 in CTRL), without increasing consumer’s exposure to toxic elements ( Barbosa et al, 2020 ). Together, these results indicate that organic selenium provided by selenised yeast is an effective vehicle to fortify gilthead seabream filets.…”

“…Iodine and selenium contents of feed samples were determined according to the European standards EN 15111:2007 and EN 15763:2009, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) (Thermo X series II, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, United States), after alkaline (iodine) or acid (selenium) digestion, was used for determination of iodine and selenium, as described by Barbosa et al (2020) .…”