Enlightening the advancements in electrochemical bioanalysis for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

Serafín, Verónica; Gamella, María; Pedrero, Marı́a; Montero‐Calle, Ana; Razzino, Claudia A.; Yáñez‐Sedeño, P.; Barderas, Rodrigo; Campuzano, Susana; Pingarrón, José M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113437

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…However, the available methods are expensive, relatively invasive [ 18 , 28 ], and have low sensitivity and specificity, which result in the risks of either overdiagnosis or undiagnosed, misattributed, or dismissed and ignored symptoms [ 29 , 30 ]. Additionally, as there is a serious lack of AD diagnosis assays at all illness stages, patients are generally diagnosed late, which places a great burden on the health systems [ 17 , 18 ]. Therefore, the development of novel methods of AD early detection and accurate diagnosis is essential [ 17 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease—An Up-To-Date Overview

2020

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Neurodegeneration is a highly complex process which is associated with a variety of molecular mechanisms related to ageing. Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common, affecting more than 45 million individuals. The underlying mechanisms involve amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition, which will subsequently lead to oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, neuron dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The current diagnosis methods are still limited in regard to the possibility of the accurate and early detection of the diseases. Therefore, research has shifted towards the identification of novel biomarkers and matrices as biomarker sources, beyond amyloid-β and tau protein levels within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), that could improve AD diagnosis. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of both conventional and novel biomarkers for AD found within body fluids, including CSF, blood, saliva, urine, tears, and olfactory fluids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, as there is a serious lack of AD diagnosis assays at all illness stages, patients are generally diagnosed late, which places a great burden on the health systems [ 17 , 18 ]. Therefore, the development of novel methods of AD early detection and accurate diagnosis is essential [ 17 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease—An Up-To-Date Overview

2020

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“…With regard to the samples measured, most of the biomarkers studied so far are present in CSF and blood samples, as has been stated above, but there is an increasing tendency to use salivary samples, both to detect conventional biomarkers and others like lactoferrin specific for this type of samples [ 48 ]. However, it is still needed further investigation before their application in biosensing.…”

Section: Biomarkers For Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing incidence of AD has turned it into the most studied neurodegenerative disease. The presence of AD biomarkers in blood and CSF has promoted the development of electrochemical biosensors for their detection, as they allow the obtention of quantitative results in five minutes to two hours [ 48 ]. However, reaching the low cut-off values of the main AD biomarkers in human samples and improving selectivity and time-stability of biosensors are the heading challenges here [ 73 ].…”

Section: Electrochemical Biosensors For Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnomentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease

Toyos-Rodríguez

Alonso

Escosura‐Muñiz

2020

Sensors

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an untreatable neurodegenerative disease that initially manifests as difficulty to remember recent events and gradually progresses to cognitive impairment. The incidence of AD is growing yearly as life expectancy increases, thus early detection is essential to ensure a better quality of life for diagnosed patients. To reach that purpose, electrochemical biosensing has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques, due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. Of special relevance is the incorporation of nanomaterials in biosensors, as they contribute to enhance electron transfer while promoting the immobilization of biological recognition elements. Moreover, nanomaterials have also been employed as labels, due to their unique electroactive and electrocatalytic properties. The aim of this review is to add value in the advances achieved in the detection of AD biomarkers, the strategies followed for the incorporation of nanomaterials and its effect in biosensors performance.

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“…These are just some examples of the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of sensors for detection of amyloids (mainly β-amyloid). Readers interested in the emerging biosensors and electrochemical detection of amyloids may obtain more details in recent reviews (e.g., Serafin et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%