Enlarged temporal integration window in schizophrenia indicated by the double-flash illusion

Haß, Katharina; Sinke, Christopher; Reese, Tanya; Roy, Mandy; Wiswede, Daniel; Dillo, Wolfgang; Oranje, Bob; Szycik, Gregor R.

doi:10.1080/13546805.2017.1287693

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Our findings have imported clinical implications regarding severe psychiatric conditions like autism and schizophrenia, where a widened TBW was demonstrated to occur (for example Stevenson et al, 2014c; Hass et al, 2017). Because even healthy subjects benefit from our training regarding speech intelligibility, one can assume that subjects with a chronically widened TBW would do so even more.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…A widened TBW was demonstrated to occur in autism (Mongillo et al, 2008; Russo et al, 2010; Donohue et al, 2012; de Boer-Schellekens et al, 2013; Woynaroski et al, 2013; Zmigrod et al, 2013; Stevenson et al, 2014a,b,c), developmental dyslexia (Bastien-Toniazzo et al, 2010; for a critical discussion about the specific disease mechanism see Hairston et al, 2005; Francisco et al, 2017) and schizophrenia (De Gelder et al, 2003, 2005; Foucher et al, 2007; Ross et al, 2007b; De Jong et al, 2009; Pearl et al, 2009; Hass et al, 2017; Zvyagintsev et al, 2017). Zmigrod and Zmigrod (2016) showed additionally that a narrower TBW was associated with a better performance in verbal and non-verbal problem-solving tasks in a healthy population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brief Sensory Training Narrows the Temporal Binding Window and Enhances Long-Term Multimodal Speech Perception

et al. 2019

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Our ability to integrate multiple sensory-based representations of our surrounding supplies us with a more holistic view of our world. There are many complex algorithms our nervous system uses to construct a coherent perception. An indicator to solve this ‘binding problem’ are the temporal characteristics with the specificity that environmental information has different propagation speeds (e.g., sound and electromagnetic waves) and sensory processing time and thus the temporal relationship of a stimulus pair derived from the same event must be flexibly adjusted by our brain. This tolerance can be conceptualized in the form of the cross-modal temporal binding window (TBW). Several studies showed the plasticity of the TBW and its importance concerning audio-visual illusions, synesthesia, as well as psychiatric disturbances. Using three audio-visual paradigms, we investigated the importance of length (short vs. long) as well as modality (uni- vs. multimodal) of a perceptual training aiming at reducing the TBW in a healthy population. We also investigated the influence of the TBW on speech intelligibility, where participants had to integrate auditory and visual speech information from a videotaped speaker. We showed that simple sensory trainings can change the TBW and are capable of optimizing speech perception at a very naturalistic level. While the training-length had no different effect on the malleability of the TBW, the multisensory trainings induced a significantly stronger narrowing of the TBW than their unisensory counterparts. Furthermore, a narrowing of the TBW was associated with a better performance in speech perception, meaning that participants showed a greater capacity for integrating informations from different sensory modalities in situations with one modality impaired. All effects persisted at least seven days. Our findings show the significance of multisensory temporal processing regarding ecologically valid measures and have important clinical implications for interventions that may be used to alleviate debilitating conditions (e.g., autism, schizophrenia), in which multisensory temporal function is shown to be impaired.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Sensory Training Narrows the Temporal Binding Window and Enhances Long-Term Multimodal Speech Perception

et al. 2019

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“…In a healthy population, Ferri et al (2018) found increased susceptibility to the illusion in participants with high schizotypal scores, related to an increased TWI. Similarly, patients suffering from schizophrenia show an increased susceptibility to the illusion at longer SOAs, which is indicative of a lager TWI (Haß et al, 2016). However, no difference in the illusion perception appears at a short SOA, although changes in neural activity suggest aberrant multisensory processing in schizophrenia (Balz et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Clinical Applications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Flash Illusions: Current Findings and Future Directions

Keil

2020

Front. Neurosci.

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Twenty years ago, the first report on the sound-induced double flash illusion, a visual illusion induced by sound, was published. In this paradigm, participants are presented with different numbers of auditory and visual stimuli. In case of an incongruent number of auditory and visual stimuli, the influence of auditory information on visual perception can lead to the perception of the illusion. Thus, combining two auditory stimuli with one visual stimulus can induce the perception of two visual stimuli, the so-called fission illusion. Alternatively, combining one auditory stimulus with two visual stimuli can induce the perception of one visual stimulus, the so-called fusion illusion. Overall, current research shows that the illusion is a reliable indicator of multisensory integration. It has also been replicated using different stimulus combinations, such as visual and tactile stimuli. Importantly, the robustness of the illusion allows the widespread use for assessing multisensory integration across different groups of healthy participants and clinical populations and in various task setting. This review will give an overview of the experimental evidence supporting the illusion, the current state of research concerning the influence of cognitive processes on the illusion, the neural mechanisms underlying the illusion, and future research directions. Moreover, an exemplary experimental setup will be described with different options to examine perception, alongside code to test and replicate the illusion online or in the laboratory.

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“…The reason for the current opposing findings is not entirely clear, but they do align with findings in schizophrenia of increased proneness to other perceptual illusions that rely on multisensory integration. Specifically, individuals with schizophrenia are more prone than controls to perceiving the double-flash or fission illusion, in which one visual flash presented with two auditory beeps results in the perception of two visual flashes (Haß et al, 2017). Individuals with schizophrenia also experience the rubber hand illusion stronger and faster than controls (Peled, Ritsner, Hirschmann, Geva, & Modai, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal Personality Traits and Multisensory Integration: An Investigation Using the McGurk Effect

Muller¹,

Dalal²,

Stevenson³

2020

Preprint

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Multisensory integration, the process by which sensory information from different sensory modalities are bound together, is hypothesized to contribute to perceptual symptomatology in schizophrenia, in whom multisensory integration differences have been consistently found. Evidence is emerging that these differences extend across the schizophrenia spectrum, including individuals in the general population with higher levels of schizotypal traits. In the current study, we used the McGurk task as a measure of multisensory integration. We measured schizotypal traits using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), hypothesizing that higher levels of schizotypal traits, specifically Unusual Perceptual Experiences and Odd Speech subscales, would be associated with decreased multisensory integration of speech. Surprisingly, Unusual Perceptual Experiences were not associated with multisensory integration. However, Odd Speech was associated with multisensory integration, and this association extended more broadly across the Disorganized factor of the SPQ, including Odd or Eccentric Behaviour. Individuals with higher levels of Odd or Eccentric Behaviour scores also demonstrated poorer lip-reading abilities, which partially explained performance in the McGurk task. This suggests that aberrant perceptual processes affecting individuals across the schizophrenia spectrum may relate to disorganized symptomatology.

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Enlarged temporal integration window in schizophrenia indicated by the double-flash illusion

Abstract: Our results are interpreted in favour of an enlarged temporal integration window for audio-visual stimuli in schizophrenia patients, which is consistent with previous research.

Cited by 46 publications

References 53 publications

Brief Sensory Training Narrows the Temporal Binding Window and Enhances Long-Term Multimodal Speech Perception

Brief Sensory Training Narrows the Temporal Binding Window and Enhances Long-Term Multimodal Speech Perception

Double Flash Illusions: Current Findings and Future Directions

Schizotypal Personality Traits and Multisensory Integration: An Investigation Using the McGurk Effect

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