Enlarged hypothalamic volumes in schizophrenia

Tognin, Stefania; Rambaldelli, Gianluca; Perlini, Cinzia; Bellani, Marcella; Marinelli, Veronica; Zoccatelli, Giada; Alessandrini, Franco; Pizzini, Francesca; Beltramello, Alberto; Terlevic, Robert; Tansella, Michele; Balestrieri, Matteo; Brambilla, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.10.006

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This constant experience of events perceived to be salient may create lasting neural changes resulting hypersensitivity to external stimuli (J. Wang et al 2005;Tognin et al 2012;Zimmermann et al 2011;McEwen 2000;Rao et al 1989;Starkman et al 1992;Lupien et al 1998;Tessner et al 2007;McGowan et al 2009), which over time, may amass to a state of extreme sensitivity to both internal and externally driven stress (De Kloet et al 1998;Holsboer 2000). The heightened levels of cortisol in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia not seen in earlier stages of illness may thus be due to a lack of accumulated stressful experiences, in combination with the effects of continued medication.…”

Section: Levels Of Cortisol In Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Green

Girshkin

Teroganova

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-Related Disorders

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The role of stress in precipitating psychotic episodes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has long been acknowledged. However, the neurobiological mechanism/s of this association have remained elusive. Current neurodevelopmental models of psychosis implicate early dysfunction in biological systems regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune function, with long-term effects on the development of the brain networks responsible for higher order cognitive processes and stress reactivity in later life. There is also increasing evidence of childhood trauma in psychosis, and its impact on the development of brain systems regulating stress. These findings are emerging in the context of a new era of epigenetic methods facilitating the study of environmental effects on gene expression. The evidence is thus converging: exposure to stress at critical periods in life may be an important factor in the development of the brain dysfunction that represents psychosis vulnerability, rather than merely interacting with an independent 'biological vulnerability' to manifest in psychosis.

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Section: Levels Of Cortisol In Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Green

Girshkin

Teroganova

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neurobiology of Stress-Related Disorders

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“…The size of the mammillary bodies was inversely correlated with negative symptoms and directly correlated with anxiety. Moreover, mammillary body volumes were associated with negative symptoms and anxiety (Tognin et al 2012 ). Hypothalamic paraventricular neurons are believed to trigger these processes by aberrant generation and/or release of corticotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, vasopressin, and nitric oxide (NO).…”

Section: The Hypothalamus Nitric Oxide and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nitric Oxide and Nitrosative Stress in Schizophrenia

Dietrich‐Muszalska

Bartosz

Sadowska-Bartosz

2014

Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice

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“…HPA axis activity is associated with the severity of multiple types of symptoms in first-episode psychosis, and patients' diagnosis and clinical phase partially influence these associations [67]. Tognin et al reported abnormally increased sizes of the hypothalamus and the mammillary bodies in schizophrenia, and that mammillary body volumes were associated with negative symptoms and anxiety, suggesting that the mammillary bodies with respect to the levels of related hormones may have an important role in modulating HPA axis in schizophrenia [68]. Our ability to interpret the present findings of decreased IC between the right precuneus and right hypothalamus in the high gamma band (50 -100 Hz) within the 0 -250 ms time window, and the significant positive correlations with conceptual disorganization and unusual thought content, are limited by the observational nature of our data.…”

Section: Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Females with schizophrenia have abnormal functional cortical connectivity in the gamma frequency during an auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography

Fujimoto¹,

Okumura²,

Takeuchi³

et al. 2014

OJPsych

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We studied differences in imaginary coherence (IC) of the gamma band between brain regions of female schizophrenia patients during the auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Subjects were 12 right-handed female schizophrenia patients, who were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales (PANSS). Functional connectivity during an auditory oddball task was reconstructed in low gamma (30 -50 Hz) and high gamma (50 -100 Hz and 100 -150 Hz) bands, and represented by IC using seeds determined by the significant oscillatory power changes obtained by event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) power measurements. Gamma ERS (30 -50 Hz) power was decreased in the left precuneus at 500 -750 ms and in the right precuneus at 750 -1000 ms. IC in the gamma band (50 -100 Hz) was decreased between the right precuneus (seed) and right paracentral lobule (target) and between the right precuneus and right hypothalamus at 0 -250 ms. IC in the gamma band (100 -150 Hz) was increased between the left precuneus and right cuneus (Brodmann area 7) at 250 -500 ms, between the left precuneus and right culmen at 500 -750 ms, and between the left precuneus and right cuneus (Brodmann area 17), between the left precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex, and between the left precuneus and right caudate nucleus at 750 -1000 ms. In the high gamma band (50 -100 Hz) at 0 -250 ms, significant positive correlations were shown between IC and conceptual disorganization in PANSS scores, between IC and unusual thought content score, and between IC and positive scale score. IC within the high gamma band in female schizophrenia patients showed two types of functional disconnection, intrahemispheric and interhemispheric. IC between the right or left precuneus and other specific cortical areas showed dysfunction, suggesting that the parietal lobe plays an important role in dysfunction in connectivity in the gamma band during the oddball task.

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Enlarged hypothalamic volumes in schizophrenia

Cited by 46 publications

References 53 publications

Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Stress, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

The Role of Nitric Oxide and Nitrosative Stress in Schizophrenia

Females with schizophrenia have abnormal functional cortical connectivity in the gamma frequency during an auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography

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