“…In addition to navigating ambiguous roles, they also face conflicting demands (Asplund et al, 2022;Tessier, 2006;Udod et al, 2017) and ethical dilemmas (Dellve and Wikstr€ om, 2009). These restrictions lead to difficulty fulfilling their roles with employees (Corbi ere et al, 2020;Gilbert et al, 2019). Knies et al (2017) also highlighted the difficulties encountered by managers in the public sector in exercising their autonomy, where there are multiple rules and procedures imposed by the government and the prevalence of "red tape," defined as "rules, regulations, and procedures that remain in force and entail a compliance burden for the organization but have no efficacy for the rules' functional object" (Bozeman, 1993;Rainey et al, 1995).…”