Enhancing Water Management in Shale Gas Extraction through Rectangular Pulse Hydraulic Fracturing

Badjadi, Mohammed Ali; Zhu, Hanhua; Zhang, Cunquan; Naseem, Muhammad Hamza

doi:10.3390/su151410795

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Badjadi et al [9] introduced an innovative step-rectangular pulse hydraulic fracturing method to optimize water usage during shale gas extraction. The results indicated that the proposed method offers superior pressurization and more complex fracture networks, reduces water consumption, and increases shale gas production.…”

Section: Water Management In Shale Gas Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Management and Environmental Engineering: Current Practices and Opportunities

Aivazidou

Tsolakis

2023

Sustainability

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Section: Water Management In Shale Gas Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Management and Environmental Engineering: Current Practices and Opportunities

Aivazidou

Tsolakis

2023

Sustainability

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“…Notably, the model encapsulates intricate relationships, such as the consequence node linking strata with high in situ stress in shale gas reservoirs to high permeability zones and near-wellbore friction. This representation, as depicted in Figure 8, provides a visual roadmap for understanding the interplay of variables, facilitating effective fault analysis and enhancing the system's adaptive learning in hydraulic fracturing scenarios [6,13,15,23]. In addition, Figure 7 illustrates a Bayesian network model through groups defined as G = RN, SN, CN, which correspond to FTA and ET.…”

Section: Building a Bbn Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian Network Model for Risk Management during Hydraulic Fracturing Process

Badjadi,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Water

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The escalating production of shale gas and oil, witnessed prominently in developed nations over the past decade, has sparked interest in prospective development, even in developing countries like Algeria. However, this growth is accompanied by significant opposition, particularly concerning the method of extraction: hydraulic fracturing, or ‘fracking’. Concerns regarding its environmental impact, water contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and potential health effects have sparked widespread debate. This study thoroughly examines these concerns, employing an innovative approach to assess the risks associated with hydraulic fracturing operations in shale gas reservoirs. Through the integration of diverse data sources, including quantitative and qualitative data, observational records, expert judgments, and global sensitivity analysis using the Sobol method, a comprehensive risk assessment model, was developed. This model carefully considered multiple condition indicators and extreme working conditions, such as pressures exceeding 110 MPa and temperatures surpassing 180° F. The integration of these varied data streams enabled the development of a robust Bayesian belief network. This network served as a powerful tool for the accurate identification of process vulnerabilities and the formulation of optimal development strategies. Remarkably, this study’s results showed that this approach led to a notable 12% reduction in operational costs, demonstrating its practical efficacy. Moreover, this study subjected its model to rigorous uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, pinpointing the most severe risks and outlining optimal measures for their reduction. By empowering decision-makers to make informed choices, this methodology not only enhances environmental sustainability and safety standards but also ensures prolonged well longevity while maximizing productivity in hydraulic fracturing operations.

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“…These chemicals are a potential source of toxicity and may alter the chemical composition and quality of groundwater [15]. During the process of oil extraction, the hydraulic fracturing technology uses a significant amount of water to remove the oil molecules from the bedrock surface beneath the earth's crust [16]. Consequently, the disturbance caused by the fracturing process leads to the mixing of naturally occurring trace metals and organic substances with groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic contaminants in the groundwater of the Kerio Valley water basin, Baringo County, Kenya

Langat,

Kibet,

Okanga

et al. 2023

Eur J Chem

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Currently, groundwater is largely becoming the main source of fresh water in most developing countries. However, various deleterious impacts resulting from anthropogenic activities beneath the earth’s surface have significantly affected groundwater quality, as evidenced in several areas endowed with mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, agricultural activities, and industrial processes. The possible etiological impacts may include cancer and genetic aberrations which result from the toxic effects of organic waterborne contaminants ingested by humans and animals over time. The motivation behind this study was to identify and determine the concentration profiles of various organic pollutants in the wells located along the Kerio Valley water basin near the exploratory wells for hydrocarbons and mining activities. Therefore, this study is necessary in unraveling the level of organic contaminants in the sampled borehole water, which can then be extrapolated to cover other boreholes within the Kerio Valley basin. The study was carried out during the dry season of December 2022. The water samples from the boreholes were extracted using a solid phase extraction procedure and characterized using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a mass selective detector. The findings indicate that benzene derivatives which were mainly xylenes, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 1-methyl-2-propylpentylbenzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, azulene, and pyrene were found in most of the boreholes sampled. Furthermore, long-chain hydrocarbons were present in all groundwater samples with varying concentrations. The concentration of benzene derivatives ranged from 2.84 to 20.47 ppm. However, polycyclic hydrocarbons exhibited the highest concentrations of all organic pollutants, with pyrene giving a concentration of 23.14 ppm, fluoranthene (18.54 ppm), phenanthrene (14.13 ppm) and anthracene (11.06 ppm). According to the findings reported in this study, most of the borehole water in the Kerio Valley basin is contaminated and may be unsafe for drinking. Most of the reported concentration levels were several times higher than the standards of the U.S. Environmental and Protection Agency. However, it is necessary to develop a policy framework on the assessment and monitoring of water quality in the region and propose urgent measures to ensure a clean water supply for the benefit of residents.

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Enhancing Water Management in Shale Gas Extraction through Rectangular Pulse Hydraulic Fracturing

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Water Management and Environmental Engineering: Current Practices and Opportunities

Water Management and Environmental Engineering: Current Practices and Opportunities

A Bayesian Network Model for Risk Management during Hydraulic Fracturing Process

Organic contaminants in the groundwater of the Kerio Valley water basin, Baringo County, Kenya

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