Enhancing Triage Efficiency and Accuracy in Emergency Rooms for Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Triage Using ChatGPT 4.0

Abstract

Background: Accurate and efficient triage is crucial for prioritizing care and managing resources in emergency rooms. This study investigates the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an advanced artificial intelligence system, in assisting health providers with decision-making for patients presenting with metastatic prostate cancer, focusing on the potential to improve both patient outcomes and resource allocation. Methods: Clinical data from patients with metastatic prostate cancer who presented to the emergency room between 1 May 2022 and 30 April 2023 were retrospectively collected. The primary outcome was the sensitivity and specificity of ChatGPT in determining whether a patient required admission or discharge. The secondary outcomes included the agreement between ChatGPT and emergency medicine physicians, the comprehensiveness of diagnoses, the accuracy of treatment plans proposed by both parties, and the length of medical decision making. Results: Of the 147 patients screened, 56 met the inclusion criteria. ChatGPT had a sensitivity of 95.7% in determining admission and a specificity of 18.2% in discharging patients. In 87.5% of cases, ChatGPT made the same primary diagnoses as physicians, with more accurate terminology use (42.9% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.02) and more comprehensive diagnostic lists (median number of diagnoses: 3 vs. 2, p < 0.001). Emergency Severity Index scores calculated by ChatGPT were not associated with admission (p = 0.12), hospital stay length (p = 0.91) or ICU admission (p = 0.54). Despite shorter mean word count (169 ± 66 vs. 272 ± 105, p < 0.001), ChatGPT was more likely to give additional treatment recommendations than physicians (94.3% vs. 73.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our hypothesis-generating data demonstrated that ChatGPT is associated with a high sensitivity in determining the admission of patients with metastatic prostate cancer in the emergency room. It also provides accurate and comprehensive diagnoses. These findings suggest that ChatGPT has the potential to assist health providers in improving patient triage in emergency settings, and may enhance both efficiency and quality of care provided by the physicians.

Revolutionizing ocular cancer management: a narrative review on exploring the potential role of ChatGPT

“…The current literature on cancer and related topics regarding ChatGPT applications is rapidly emerging. Numerous published works have highlighted the role of ChatGPT applications in healthcare, with a particular focus on cancer ( 46 , 47 ). However, only a limited number of articles have been published on the potential role of ChatGPT applications in enhancing the health conditions of ocular patients.…”

Clinical and Surgical Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review

“…While not a clinical substitute, ChatGPT has the potential to streamline the initial evaluation process, particularly in busy healthcare settings [ 45 , 49 ]. For example, Gebrael et al discussed ChatGPT’s promising ability to triage patients with metastatic prostate cancer in an emergency room setting [ 32 ]. LLMs can help identify red flags in a patient’s presentation that would necessitate immediate medical intervention [ 31 ].…”

“…In the ongoing management of chronic conditions, ChatGPT can provide physicians with the means to stay updated on evolving treatment options, thereby potentially enhancing the long-term health outcomes of their patients [ 35 ]. Additionally, LLMs can help providers differentiate between different options, such as determining if patients can be managed in an inpatient or outpatient setting [ 32 ] and choosing the best immunohistochemistry stain [ 42 ]. Furthermore, LLMs have the potential for integration into the healthcare system, enabling continuous patient monitoring [ 29 , 33 , 35 ].…”

The Potential Applications and Challenges of ChatGPT in the Medical Field

“…Gebrael’s team retrospectively analyzed the effectiveness of ChatGPT in aiding healthcare providers in making triage decisions for patients with metastatic prostate cancer in the emergency room. 16 The analysis revealed that ChatGPT had a sensitivity of 95.7% in identifying patients suitable for admission and a specificity of 18.2% in identifying patients who could be safely discharged. The authors concluded that ChatGPT displays high sensitivity in determining patient admission, accurately diagnosing patients, and providing additional treatment recommendations.…”