Accomplishing a study of this nature is a momentous task that was made possible by the dedicated support of my supervisory committee. My heartfelt gratitude goes to my supervisor in-charge Professor Eugenia Koutsouvanou upon whose fruitful directions I relied extensively. The patience and dedication she demonstrated was inspirational.My gratitude goes to Professor Anna Frangoudaki and Professor Dimitra Makrinioti, members of my supervisory committee, for patiently guiding me throughout the construction of this study with invaluable comments. I also benefited from the discussions I held with Professor Ivi Zambeta and Professor Bassilis Yalamas. For this, I am very appreciative. I thank Professor Larry Winecoff for accepting to read my work and to offer advice and suggestions. I am grateful to Dr. Barbara Koech and Mr. Kemoli Manani for the useful insights into the study problem in Kenya.I appreciate the support I received from my research assistants Claudia, Kennedy, Bonnie, Emelda and Cynthia through out the tedious task of data collection. I thank my friends in the United States, in Greece and in Kenya for the moral and financial support that saw me through many anxious moments and kept the study progressing. I will always be indebted to my mother Sarah and my sister Nito who took care of my children while I was studying.I thank all the participants, the headteachers, teachers and parents in the Lurambi Division for their corporation that made this study succeessful. This study was generously financed by a scholarship from the State Scholarship Foundation of Greece. I thank the Foundation for awarding me the scholarship.