Enhancing the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on casein phosphopeptide-biofunctionalized 3D reduced-graphene oxide/polypyrrole scaffolds

Abstract

In bone tissue engineering, the 3D macro-scaffold plays an indispensable role as a matrix for cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue formation, for which a bioactive surface is required. Previously, we successfully prepared the 3D macro-reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (3D rGO/PPY) scaffold; in the present study, by using casein phosphopeptide (CPP) as a bioactive molecule, we have developed a 3D rGO/PPY/CPP composite scaffold through a simple, but low-cost electrostatic self-assembly method and have explored the application of the composite scaffold in bone tissue engineering. The results have indicated that the CPP successfully modified the backbone of the scaffold, and demonstrated that the developed 3D rGO/PPY/CPP scaffold has excellent hydrophilic behavior and water uptake performance, much better than that of 3D rGO/PPY. In the biomimetic mineralization experiment, the CPP-modified matrix, particularly 3D rGO/PPY/CPP20, could promote the rapid formation of hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid solution on just the 1 st soaking day. On co-culturing with the MC3T3-E1 cells, the 3D rGO/PPY/CPP20 kept the cells at a higher proliferation state of 5.07 times that of the control group, superior to that of the 3D rGO/PPY/CPP10 (3.88 times) and the 3D rGO/PPY group (2.07 times). The excellent osteoblastic performance of the 3D rGO/PPY/CPP20 composite scaffold can be attributed to the good biological properties of CPP, and the unique 3D macro-structure with a high specific surface area. Our findings suggest that the 3D rGO/PPY/CPP20 can be considered as an attractive scaffold for bone healing and regeneration in the future.

Graphene Family Materials in Bone Tissue Regeneration: Perspectives and Challenges

“… [ 160 ] rGO Polypyrrole (PPY); casein phosphopeptide (CPP) Electrostatic self-assembly method Excellent hydrophilic property and water uptake performance Promoted the rapid formation of hydroxyapatite in the biomimetic mineralization; enhanced the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. [ 161 ] rGO PPY; HA Electrostatic layer-bylayer assembly strategy; biomimetic mineralization Better mechanical property with desired configuration, high specific surface area and large surface roughness. Enhanced MC3T3-E1 cells adhesion and proliferation.…”

A guanidyl-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticle-anchored graphene nanohybrid for enhanced capture of phosphopeptides

“…These unique features have made these materials become an ideal support in the preparation of the novel graphene-based hybrid materials for the enrichment of phosphopeptides. [11][12][13][14] Recently, it has been proved that guanidyl groups could be regarded as a better functionalized group to improve the binding of the phosphate groups and prevent the binding of other peptides. [15][16][17] Inspired by this, the guanidyl groups are modied on the TiO 2 , which will offer higher capacity of phosphopeptides binding due to the interaction between the phosphate groups and guanidyl groups.…”

Reduced graphene oxide coating enhances osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on Ti surfaces

“…For the cell study, the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs were examined on the rGO-Ti substrate. Even if the treatment concentration, cell type or culture conditions were different from this study, many related results demonstrated that rGO can induce positive effects on the proliferation of MSCs and preosteoblastic cells such as MC3T3-E1, hFOB, and MG63 cells [ 64 – 67 ]. This may be attributed to the osteogenic activity of rGO, which is known to promote cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation by supporting the protein adsorption and intracellular protein delivery by the ionic bonding formation and the electrical conductivity [ 68 , 69 ].…”