Enhancing the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells through solvent purification of tin iodide

Abstract

Tin (Sn)-based perovskites are very promising for the fabrication of low-toxicity lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but they suffer from easy oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ which leads to poor performance.

Imidazole Derivative Assisted Crystallization for High‐Efficiency Mixed Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[ 8 ] Meantime, Sn 2+ is easily oxidized to Sn 4+ , resulting in serious p‐type doping. [ 9,10 ] Different strategies have been adopted to address these issues. Some antioxidant additives like SnF 2 , SnCl 2 have been used to restrain the oxidation of Sn 2+ .…”

Carrier Transport in Low‐Dimensional Tin Perovskite Solar Cells

“…In addition, Ke et al also put forward a simple purification method of washing SnI 2 with toluene. [ 71 ] Toluene can dissolve SnI 4 , and reduce the proportion of Sn 4+ . Perovskite films with enhanced crystallization and prolonged carrier lifetime were deposited.…”

Multi-functional molecule advancing the efficiency of pure 3D FASnI3 perovskite solar cells based on the tin tetraiodide reduction method

“…3 This discrepancy primarily stems from the susceptibility of Sn 2+ to oxidation into Sn 4+ during the fabrication process, exacerbated by trace impurities of tetravalent tin in commercial SnI 2 (>99.9%) utilized as the Sn 2+ source in perovskite precursors. 4,5 One more negligible concern is the reaction activity of commercial Sn 2+ precursor reagents aer long-time storage and shipment. Consequently, the presence of Sn 4+ induces Sn vacancies and p-type doping, leading to increased recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby compromising the efficiency and stability of tin-based PSCs.…”