Enhancing the performance of hazard indexes in assessing hot spots of harbour areas by considering hydrodynamic parameters

Mali, Matilda; Serio, Francesca De; Dell’Anna, Maria Michela; Mastrorilli, Piero; Damiani, Leonardo; Mossa, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.09.028

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Correlations between biological and chemical data and hydrological time parameters are shown by many authors [5,[15][16][17], even if few studies focus on harbour areas [2,18]. Montero et al [18] showed that the metal contamination gradient is in accordance with the residence time calculated within the Pasaia harbour (Spain) and along the channel of the estuary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Thanks to this strategic position and the realization of new piers and docks; in the last years, it has become the leader of cruise traffic in the Mediterranean recording 2.6 million tourists in 2011 (data provided by booking and turnaround). Currently, the harbour basin extends on 1.62 km 2 with an average depth of 15 m (Fig. 1).…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Montero et al [18] showed that the metal contamination gradient is in accordance with the residence time calculated within the Pasaia harbour (Spain) and along the channel of the estuary. Recently, an interesting relation was found within the Bari port basin (Italy) between the bottom shear stress, selected as an indicator of the effects of marine currents and the hazard assessment indexes such as cNWAC and mERMq [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harbour basins are considered semi-enclosed areas and, as such, can be affected by water quality degradation [1] and high contamination levels of marine sediments [2]. The maintenance or achievement of good Ecological Potential (gEP), as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive (Council Directive 2000/60/EC), cannot be obtained without the knowledge of hydrodynamic behaviour of port areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Water renewal time and trace metal concentration in civitavecchia port (rome), italy

Bonamano¹,

Piazzolla²,

Madonia³

et al. 2018

Int. J. EI

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Most of the harbours can be considered as semi-enclosed areas where water stagnation leads to physical and chemical alterations due to anthropogenic activities. These features affect the quality of the port waters as well as the environmental health of coastal ecosystems in the surrounding areas. In order to understand the potential degradation of water quality within the harbour area it is essential to evaluate the hydrodynamic behaviour of the system. In this study, the DELFT3D-FLOW model, which allows to estimate the three-dimensional field velocity, was used to spatially characterize the water renewal time within the harbour. In particular, the flushing time (FT), which represents the time required for the total mass of a conservative tracer originally within the water body to be reduced to a factor 1/e, was examined. The concentration of contaminants in sediments is indeed a proper parameter to test the reliability of the calculated water renewal time within the semi-enclosed basins, since it relies on time-integrated measurements compared to single observations of water column. This research aims at studying the relation between the FT and the pollution due to trace metals in marine sediments. For this purpose, surface sediment samples were collected along a series of stations located in the innermost part and near the mouth of the Civitavecchia harbour. As, Cr, Hg, Ni, Cu, zn, Pb and Al concentrations were analysed to calculate the enrichment factor, which provides an estimate of the heavy metal contamination in the harbour surface sediment. The obtained results show a high correlation between the FT and the enrichment factor within the Civitavecchia port, confirming that water renewal can be used as an indicator of water quality degradation in semi-enclosed areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Water renewal time and trace metal concentration in civitavecchia port (rome), italy

Bonamano¹,

Piazzolla²,

Madonia³

et al. 2018

Int. J. EI

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show abstract

“…According to Water 2017, 9, 898 3 of 17 of the water column [33,35]. Therefore, to test the reliability of the residence time calculation within harbour basins, the concentration of contaminants in sediments is a more representative parameter with respect to a single measurement of the water column [36][37][38]. In this study, the enrichment factor (EF) [39,40] is proposed to describe the relation between the water recirculation time and the contamination level of heavy metals in the sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Predictive Tool to Support Environmentally Sustainable Management in Port Basins

Bonamano

Madonia

Piazzolla

et al. 2017

Water

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According to the Water Framework Directive, harbours that are classified as heavily modified water bodies must either reach or maintain good ecological potential. Moreover, following the marine spatial planning principles, the effects of port structure changes on water quality must also be considered. To support the sustainable management of harbour waters, we calculated flushing time (FT) through the use of a numerical model within the Civitavecchia port under different scenarios. To assess the effects of the realization of new infrastructure that will significantly alter the port configuration in the coming years, we also developed the flushing efficiency index (FEI). The increase in the harbour basin size due to the embankment extension result in high values of FT, particularly in the inner part of the port, in accordance with the highest values of the enrichment factor of the trace metals found in the sediment. The deterioration of water quality is confirmed by negative FEI values. Otherwise, the index assumes positive values after the realization of a second entrance in the southern part of Civitavecchia port, highlighting a drastic improvement in harbour water renewal. This study provides a low-cost and predictive tool to correctly address environmentally sustainable management of port activities.

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Raman spectroscopy to investigate the speciation and origin of hazardous elements associated to suspended particulate matter during a large flood event

Gredilla

Vallejuelo

Gómez‐Nubla

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Hazardous elements are usually incorporated in natural fresh waters forming inorganic compounds or adsorbed onto organic matter as insoluble compounds in suspended particulate matters (SPMs). Considering the predominant transport of SPMs during heavy rainfalls, storms, or snow melting, such events require deep and exhaustive research to evaluate their environmental risk. The present work applies Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of SPM samples collected during a storm event (collected every 2 hr with an automatic water sampler) in a gauging station of an urban river (Deba River, one of the most polluted rivers in the Basque Country, Spain). In order to obtain revealing molecular information about the hazardous element distribution on the SPM during strong rainfall events micro‐Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were combined. The molecular characterization by Raman analysis determined that the main part of the compounds was from natural origin, such as, quartz, silicates, talc, calcite, etc. Contrary to oxides or oxi/hydroxides of lead, zinc, iron, titanium, or manganese, which were, probably, from anthropogenic origin. Those results were in agreement with energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction analyses on SPM samples. Organic compounds such as calcium oxalate, amorphous carbon and β‐Carotene, and carbonates, such as, calcite, high‐Mg calcite, dolomite, strontianite, and graphite, as crystalline allotrope of carbon, were also found. Finally, Raman imaging analyses provided evidence enough to conclude that in the flood event studied, the SPMs firstly mobilized were rich in compounds with anthropogenic and/or natural origin, and the SPMs mobilized in the second part of the event were characterized by natural compounds coming from the lithogenic components of the area. Therefore, these discoveries support Raman imaging as a useful technique on the future sustainable management framework of the river.

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Enhancing the performance of hazard indexes in assessing hot spots of harbour areas by considering hydrodynamic parameters

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Water renewal time and trace metal concentration in civitavecchia port (rome), italy

Water renewal time and trace metal concentration in civitavecchia port (rome), italy

Development of a Predictive Tool to Support Environmentally Sustainable Management in Port Basins

Raman spectroscopy to investigate the speciation and origin of hazardous elements associated to suspended particulate matter during a large flood event

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