Enhancing the optical transparency of TiO2 aerogels with high surface area through water-based synthesis

Bernardes, Joseane C.; Müller, Daliana; Pinheiro, Geneviève K.; Rambo, Carlos R.

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110359

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After supercritical drying the as-synthesized TiO2 aerogel (Scheme 1 right photograph) turned into a very light, brittle and translucent aerogel. The translucency in the visible range indicates a small particle size and homogeneous pore distribution, 33 which is confirmed by the physisorption results shown in Figure 2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-synthesized and calcined TiO2 aerogels are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Sample Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 63%

Photocatalytic activity and electron storage capability of TiO2 aerogels with adjustable surface area

Rose

Hofmann

Voepel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mesoporous TiO2 aerogels with surface area larger than 600 m2 g-1 have been prepared via acid-catalyzed sol-gel synthesis and supercritical drying. Varying temperature treatment in air results in changes in the morphology of the aerogels and their specific surface area. Interestingly, the ability to store photogenerated electrons in the surface states of the aerogels upon illumination of dispersions in water-methanol mixtures increases with lower calcination temperature. Additionally, the extent of electron storage capability also depends on hole scavenger concentration. Increasing the calcination temperature to 500 °C results in decreased surface area and electron storage capability, however in increased hydrogen evolution rates. Finally, nitrogen reduction to ammonia in the dark is performed with photogenerated stored electrons in TiO2 aerogels, separating the charge carrier photogeneration from the dark reduction reaction.

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Section: Sample Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 63%

Photocatalytic activity and electron storage capability of TiO2 aerogels with adjustable surface area

Rose

Hofmann

Voepel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The summary of other TiO 2 aerogel parameters obtained during the BET test is presented in Table 2 and Table 3 . The comparison of them indicates that calcination results in a significant decrease in the specific surface area [ 1 ] and in increased pore size. In contrast, the ageing effect on the TiO 2 aerogel pore size is highly dependent on the precursor and solvent used for additional exchange, and clear dependence is difficult to identify.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, aerogels, as a group of nanomaterials with an immense number of possible applications, have been gaining significant interest in the research community. These compound materials are dried gels with several specific properties such as high specific surface area, high porosity, low apparent density, large volume of open micro and mesopores, high thermal and acoustic insulation, low refractive, and low dielectric constant [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Aerogels can be obtained from carbon [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], polymers [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], or inorganic compounds, namely, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and others [ 1 , 4 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Precursor Nature and Sol-Gel Synthesis Conditions on TiO2 Aerogel’s Structure

Donėlienė¹,

Fataraitė‐Urbonienė

Rudzikas³

et al. 2021

Molecules

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The aim of this investigation was to synthesize high porosity TiO2 aerogel by applying sol-gel and subcritical drying methods and to identify the influence of reagent’s nature and synthesis conditions on their structural and optical properties. Methods of XRD, FT-IR, BET, STA, SEM, and UV-vis were applied to investigate and compare the properties of synthesized TiO2 aerogels and to determine the most effective synthesis route. The structural parameters of the synthesized materials can be varied by changing the precursor type (titanium (IV), isopropoxide (TIP), or tetrabutylorthotitanate (TBOT)) and the nature of the solvent used for additional exchange (n-hexane (nH), cyclohexane (CH), or diethyl ether (DE)). All of the subcritical dried samples show the amorphous structure, which tends to crystallize into the anatase phase after calcination. The number of micro and mesopores and the specific surface area depends on the synthesis conditions. The pores with the highest diameter have been found for additionally nH exchanged and aged aerogel synthesized from precursor TIP. Despite the imperfections in the structure, the produced aerogels show structural and optical properties typical of the TiO2 structures mentioned in the literature.

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“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/gels8070422/s1, Figure S1: XRD patterns of TiO 2 aerogels after subcritical drying (800 mbar, 70 • C, 8 h) without aging (1-4) and after 72 h of aging (5)(6)(7)(8) depending on the precursor type (TIP (a), TBOT (b)) and the solvent used for the additional solvent exchange (1, 5-without exchange; 2, 6-CH; 3, 7-nH; 4, 8-DE); Table S1: Details of STA curves that are typical for TiO 2 aerogel organic groups decomposition.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Precursor’s Nature and Drying Conditions on the Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Properties of TiO2 Aerogels

Donėlienė¹,

Fataraitė‐Urbonienė

Danchova

et al. 2022

Gels

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A cost-effective solution for the synthesis of high-porosity TiO2 aerogels, which can be used as a mesoporous perovskite network charge-carrier material during the manufacture of solar cells, is described. The effects of the synthesis parameters (precursor (titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TIP) and tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT)), additional solvent exchange (n-hexane (nH), cyclohexane (CH), and diethyl ether (DE)), subcritical drying (800 mbar vacuum, 70 °C, 8 h), aging, and calcination on the aerogel’s structure have been investigated. Methods of XRD, FT-IR, BET, Raman, STA, SEM, UV–vis, and thermal conductivity measurements were applied to find out the relation between the synthesis conditions and the properties of the synthesized aerogels. Amorphous aerogels are polydispersed systems with the highest probability of pore diameter from 0.5 to 15 nm. An nH-exchanged, aged aerogel synthesized from the precursor TIP shows the highest diameter of pores. After calcination, the aerogels tend to crystallize into an anatase phase and the size of the crystallites depends on the precursor’s nature. Calcination leads to a significant increase in both the apparent and true density of the aerogels, and it also results in an increase in porosity and thermal conductivity.

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Enhancing the optical transparency of TiO2 aerogels with high surface area through water-based synthesis

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Photocatalytic activity and electron storage capability of TiO2 aerogels with adjustable surface area

Photocatalytic activity and electron storage capability of TiO2 aerogels with adjustable surface area

Effect of Precursor Nature and Sol-Gel Synthesis Conditions on TiO2 Aerogel’s Structure

The Influence of the Precursor’s Nature and Drying Conditions on the Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Properties of TiO2 Aerogels

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