Enhancing the Mechanical Behaviour and Antibacterial Activity of Bioepoxy Using Hybrid Nanoparticles for Dental Applications

Abstract

The appropriate capability of handling several forces exerted inside the mouth, and preventing the adhesion and proliferation of oral microorganisms are among the most vital factors for achieving effective alternative dental materials to the damaged native. Nevertheless, lack of mechanical and antimicrobial properties of dental resins hinders their use in most clinical applications in dentistry. In the present study, the main aim was to provide bioepoxy composite biomaterials that could meet the required mechanical and antibacterial properties for dental related fields. Herein, highly biocompatible epoxy and hybrid reinforcing materials were utilised to produce a composite material, which could have features resembling those of original dental parts. Various weight fractions of nanosilver/nano-alumina particles at 1, 2, and 3 wt% were incorporated into the bioepoxy for improving the mechanical and antibacterial characteristics of the biocompatible epoxy resin. Three-point bending and Izod impact tests were performed to evaluate the flexure and impact strengths of the obtained nanocomposites. The morphology of pristine bioepoxy and nanoparticle reinforced bioepoxy composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of these fillers on the bioepoxy resin antibacterial sensitivity was assessed using the agar diffusion technique. Nanofiller contents have been revealed to have a remarkable role to play in tuning the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites; the flexure strength and modulus were higher when the total ratio of hybrid reinforcement was 2 wt%. In contrast, the addition of higher percentage of hybrid nanoparticles could cause deterioration in the flexure characteristics of nanocomposites, yet they were better than those of pristine epoxy. Regarding the impact strength, the enhancement in this property was only observed for the composite containing 1 wt% of AgNps-Al2O3; the impact strength was dropped gradually beyond this ratio. The antibacterial effectiveness of the nanocomposites was demonstrated to positively depend on the increase in AgNps mass fraction. Among all evaluated unmodified and modified bioepoxy, the nanocomposite containing 2.5 wt% of AgNps had the higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on the attainable outcomes, the prepared composites, particularly at moderate levels of Al2O3-AgNps, could provide biocomposites having the potential to be utilised in several biomedical fields, particularly in dental technology.

Elevación del margen profundo: Una revisión bibliográfica de la adaptación y resistencia a la fractura

“…En el estudio publicado por Bresser et al (2019) que consistió en 197 restauraciones parciales indirectas utilizando disilicato de litio y resina compuesta en las que previamente se realizó un DME con composite híbrido de nanorrelleno, se observó una tasa de supervivencia general del 96% hasta los 12 años, con mínimas diferencias entre cada material. El composite híbrido de nanorrelleno puede incluir partículas que aumentan la resistencia a la flexión y algunos de estos reforzados con plata (AgNps) evitan la colonización de bacterias en la cavidad oral (Mohammed & Hadi, 2022). Otros estudios como los realizados por Theisen et al (2023) y Zavattini et al (2018 han ratificado que la utilización de resina ya sea resina fluida de relleno masivo como el material bioactivo pueden dar una integridad aceptable al margen gingival.…”

Numerical and Experimental Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Biobased Epoxy Reinforced by Flax Fibres and Seashell Nanoparticles for Prosthetic Socket

“…Among the factors that influence the performance of composites is the interaction between nanoparticles and matrixes. How much the density of the interphase established between two constituents relies on the interaction between fillers and matrix [23,31]. Inter-particle distance has also a remarkable role to play in the interphase and nanocomposite characteristics.…”

“…Epoxy resins have been extensively investigated for various applications, including in biomedical areas such as in dentistry [23]. Epoxy resins can provide a sound polymerised network by using various agents including amines and thiols [24].…”

Multifunctional 58S Bioactive Glass/Silver/Cerium Oxide-Based Biocomposites with Effective Antibacterial, Cytocompatibility, and Mechanical Properties

“…Similarly, adding AgNPs (2 wt %) in poly­(vinyl alcohol) increased the tensile strength and elongation at the break by 40 and 31%, respectively . Based on the literature, AgNPs (2 wt %) are optimal for effective wear, mechanical, and antibacterial properties. − In the literature, nanoceria has been used as an antioxidant, which improves cell viability by protecting mammalian cells from ROS and accelerates cell proliferation , owing to its unique capability of switching the oxidation state between Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ in response to the ambient environment, which creates oxygen vacancies in the lattice . Thus, nanoceria is used in biomedical applications such as biomedicine, drug delivery, bioanalysis, and bioscaffolds. − A recent study by Hammouda et al demonstrated that adding 10 mol % ceria to BG 58S significantly improved osteogenic differentiation by protecting a rabbit’s bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative stress.…”