Trimethoxyoctadecylsilane
(OTMS) was successfully used to decorate
mesoporous silica with a self-assembly method to enhance the relative
gas selectivity. A quartz crystal microbalance was employed to measure
the gas-sensing properties. The content of OTMS was the crucial factor
that greatly affected the adsorption capacity (q)
of silica, which could be converted to relative selectivity (S) to study the sensing mechanism. With increasing OTMS
content, q was far higher for small-molecule gases
compared to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which could be explained
by the polarity of the bonding objects, and S reached
a maximum value of 45.71%. When exposed to VOCs, S was always greater than 0 among the three alcohols. The sensing
mechanisms of undecorated silica and OTMS-decorated silica were quite
different; the three-state mechanism was proposed to explain the sensing
mechanism of OTMS-decorated silica. When exposed to small-molecule
gases, the atoms that bonded with carbon atoms on OTMS greatly influenced q. With increasing OTMS content, the bonding energy of OTMS
with CO2 was far less than that with other molecules, resulting
in a relative selectivity as high as 38.69%. Furthermore, macroperformance
and microproperties were combined in three-dimensional coordinates,
which could be applied to predict the sensing performance of silica.