Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS<sub>2</sub> for hydrogen evolution <i>via</i> defect engineering

Wu, Longfei; Hoof, Arno J. F. van; Dzade, Nelson Y.; Gao, Lu; Richard, Marie-Ingrid; Friedrich, Heiner; Leeuw, Nora H. de; Hensen, Emiel J. M.; Hofmann, Jan P.

doi:10.1039/c9cp00722a

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[115,[201][202][203][204] Vertically aligned WS 2 nanosheets are demonstrated to show high catalytic current density, low overpotential, and small Tafel slope due to the sufficiently exposed WS 2 edges and porous structure. [21,205] By maintaining the vertically positioned frame and the synergism of WS 2 nanosheets and rGO, enhanced HER activity with a low overpotential of 229 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and current density of 10 mA cm -2 were achieved. [206] Unique vertical homo and heterostructures of MoS 2 are reported to exhibit superior HER activity not only due to the availability of more exposed active sites in edges and basal planes but also due to improved mass transfer because of the introduction of high packing porosity.…”

Section: Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Aligned Graphene‐Analogous Low‐Dimensional Materials: A Review on Emerging Trends, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives

Shinde

Samal

Rout

2022

Adv Materials Inter

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2D materials currently includes graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), 2D carbides/nitrides (MXenes), monoelemental Xenes, and perovskites. [2][3][4][5][6] These families opened new horizons for advanced applications since they have unusual electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. Though these materials have layered structures, yet their diversity in properties highly depends on their composition and phases.Graphene owns interesting properties like large surface area, dangling bond-free surface, high carrier mobility, high optical absorption coefficient, high Young's modulus, and high thermal conductivity. [7] However, the zero bandgap and semimetal properties of graphene limit its application in switching devices. h-BN attracted magnetized attention due to its superb chemical stability and intrinsic insulation. [8] As one of the most studied families, TMDs offer diversity in compositions, and phases, which exhibit many technologically interesting properties. [9][10][11] Among TMDs, MoS 2 is the most examined and well-explored material due to its robustness and semiconducting properties. TMDs offer a unique combination of atomic-scale thickness, strong spin-orbit coupling, sizeable bandgap, and favorable optoelectronic properties for numerous applications. [12] MXenes represent a large family of 2D materials whose several structures were predicted theoretically, while several of them have been realized experimentally also such as Ti

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Section: Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically Aligned Graphene‐Analogous Low‐Dimensional Materials: A Review on Emerging Trends, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives

Shinde

Samal

Rout

2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Transition metal sulfides are among the most extensively developed HER electrocatalysts, [201][202][203] and vacancies play important role in activating their electrochemically inert basal plane. [25,30] NMs with vacancy possess not only modulated electronic structures but also enriched active sites. [41,204] As revealed by theoretical and experimental results, S-vacancies in the basal plane of 2H-MoS 2 served as new catalytic sites in addition to edge sites.…”

Section: Nms For Hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Nonstoichiometric Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Liu

Jinhan

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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number of compounds deviate from definite composite. For example, Wüstite type FeO was found to occur in varied Fe/O ratios with Fe vacancies over a narrow limit in nature, [2,3] while stoichiometric form of FeO was obtained only under high pressure. [4] With the discovery of more chemical compounds with compositions deviating from their stoichiometric counterparts, a new family of materials, which is now recognized as nonstoichiometric material (NMs) or berthollides in honor of Berthollet, has drawn increasing research interest in materials chemistry.Structurally, nonstoichiometry can be induced from defect engineering, element doping, or substitution. [5,6] Although the resulting composition and elemental ratio are allowed to vary in a wide range, the phase and space group of nonstoichiometric compounds are generally identical to the parent stoichiometric counterparts. The type of nonstoichiometry is multidimensional, ranging from point defects (vacancy, substitution or interstitial), local defect (Frenkel pair or cation mixing), linear substitution (typically in layered compounds) to surface defect, bulk composition variation, and spatially dependent concentration gradient. [7] Thermodynamically, deviation from stoichiometry is always accompanied by the change in the system Gibbs free energy and/or redox of characteristic ions, which would endow the materials with multiple physicochemical features in modulating electronic structures, chemical valence, charge storage, carrier diffusion, and stability. [8][9][10][11] Since nonstoichiometry widely exists in many types of compounds including oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulfides, and alloys, it is desirable to develop deep understanding over the fundamental origin, related features, and their contributions to practical functionality.In the context of developing renewable energy conversion and storage, functional electrode materials are crucial to determine the electrochemical performance, stability, and cost. [11,12] In electrocatalysis, exploring highly active electrode materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key to boost the performance of water splitting, fuel cell, and metalair battery. [13][14][15] Meanwhile, electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions provides a promising pathway of ammonia synthesis from N 2 and H 2 O alternative to the traditional contaminative Haber-Bosch process. [16] For batteries, the cell voltage, reversible capacity, and cycling Nonstoichiometry plays an important role in determining physicochemical properties such as conductivity, activity, and stability due to the compositioninduced change in phase, local atomic environment, and electronic structure. A variety of materials with nonstoichiometry have emerged in electrochemical energy conversion and storage, which necessitates a solid understanding of their formation mechanism and structure-function relationship. This review presents a summary of the progress made in this ...

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“…Besides, MoS 2 , MoS 2 , WS 2, and WSe 2 have also been engineered in terms of increasing the defects through crumbling the large materials into small particles or doping foreign element into the lattice of TMDs such as metal dopant or S dopant. [137][138][139][140][141][142][143] Nevertheless, the number of publications about these surface modification and defect engineering on TMDs for PEC-HER is still limited. The unstable state of TMD surface due to the defects generally resulted in the short durability of catalyst under working condition, therefore, it still needs more practical and theorical methods to solve this problem.…”

Section: Defect Engineering Tmds For Pec-hermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides as photoelectrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Nguyen

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Hydrogen gas has been attracting significant interest as an emerging energy source that is clean, sustainable, and renewable. Primarily, it can be produced via photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water using solar energy. Among the various catalysts employed for the photoreduction of water, two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D‐TMDs) are inarguably the best candidates toward industrialization because they have extraordinary physical, optical, and electric properties, and are solution‐processable at low costs. In this review, we focus on the development of 2D‐TMDs and their PEC properties toward the hydrogen evolution reaction. First, the synthesis and properties of 2D materials are summarized and discussed. Next, the strategies for improving the photocatalytic activity of the 2D material‐based catalysts for water splitting are thoroughly investigated. Finally, the remaining challenges and direction for the future development of 2D‐TMDs in PEC catalysis‐derived hydrogen evolution reaction are addressed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS₂ for hydrogen evolution via defect engineering

Abstract: Introduction of defects into 2H-WS2 electrocatalysts by post-synthetic desulfurization leads to significantly improved H2 evolution activity.

Cited by 66 publications

References 51 publications

Vertically Aligned Graphene‐Analogous Low‐Dimensional Materials: A Review on Emerging Trends, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives

Vertically Aligned Graphene‐Analogous Low‐Dimensional Materials: A Review on Emerging Trends, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives

Multidimensional Nonstoichiometric Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Recent advances in two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides as photoelectrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

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Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS2 for hydrogen evolution via defect engineering

Abstract: Introduction of defects into 2H-WS2 electrocatalysts by post-synthetic desulfurization leads to significantly improved H2 evolution activity.

Cited by 66 publications

References 51 publications

Vertically Aligned Graphene‐Analogous Low‐Dimensional Materials: A Review on Emerging Trends, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives

Vertically Aligned Graphene‐Analogous Low‐Dimensional Materials: A Review on Emerging Trends, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives

Multidimensional Nonstoichiometric Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

Recent advances in two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides as photoelectrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

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Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of 2H-WS₂ for hydrogen evolution via defect engineering