Enhancing the efficiency of zinc oxide vulcanization in brominated poly (isobutylene-co-isoprene) rubber using structurally different Bismaleimides

Sathi, Shibulal Gopi; Jeon, Jinseok; Won, Joohey; Nah, Changwoon

doi:10.1007/s10965-018-1512-8

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the other hand, a synergistic effect in the rate and state of cure has been observed during the vulcanisation of BIIR with BMDM/ZnO than that of BIIR with either BMDM alone or ZnO alone at 180°C. The mechanism responsible for this synergetic effect has been well explained in our previous communications [27][28][29][30]. Depicted in Figure 2(a, b) and Table 3 are the cure profiles and the corresponding cure characteristics of BIIR and BMDM/ZnO with the short aramid fibre and short carbon fibre, respectively, as a function of fibre loading.…”

Section: Cure Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 58%

Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of short carbon and aramid fibres-filled bromo-isobutylene-isoprene rubber vulcanised with 4, 4’ bis(maleimido)diphenylmethane

Sathi

Jeon

Kim

et al. 2019

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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This paper describes the use of a combination of 4, 4' bis(maleimido)diphenylmethane and ZnO as a high-temperature processable vulcanising agent for the short aramid and carbon fibre-filled bromo-isobutylene-isoprene rubber. The fibre breakage analysis, cure characteristics, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the composites were evaluated with different fibre loading. The fibre breakage analyses revealed that the aramid fibres have good length retention property compared to carbon fibres. The morphological analysis of the extracted aramid fibres showed severe surface roughness primarily due to fibrillation after shear mixing. The fibrillated aramid fibres lead to aggregation and poor dispersion of the fibres in the rubber matrix. However, fibrillation imparted surface roughness and increased surface area on the aramid fibres which improved the fibre-matrix interaction via mechanical anchoring. On the other hand, the carbon fibre-filled composite showed poor fibre-matrix interaction and inferior strength and modulus.

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Section: Cure Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 58%

Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of short carbon and aramid fibres-filled bromo-isobutylene-isoprene rubber vulcanised with 4, 4’ bis(maleimido)diphenylmethane

Sathi

Jeon

Kim

et al. 2019

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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“…However, after a sharp reversion from 2.5 min to 12 min, NR-SPL1 exhibited an upturn curing behavior with a 33.76% increase in rheometric torque after 60 minutes of curing. One of the promising reasons for this cure upturn is attributed to the Diels-Alder reaction between the conjugated diene diffused NR chains being generated at the point of reversion and the maleimide moieties of PL, as shown in Figure 9(a, b) [29][30]. Here, Fig.…”

Section: (B) Post Reversion Diels-alder Reaction Between the Rubber C...mentioning

confidence: 95%

A Chemical Interpretation for the Post-Reversion Upturn in the Natural Rubber/Accelerated Sulfur System Based on the Viscoelastic Properties and Crosslink Density Measurements

Pöschl,

Sathi,

Stoček

2024

Preprint

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The curing cycle of natural rubber (NR) with a conventional accelerated sulfur (CV) system generally exhibits three phases. The induction phase, the crosslinking phase, and the reversion phase. Prolonged curing of NR/CV system even at a temperature of 150°C, can show reversion. Many research reports are available in the literature with reference to the reversion behavior and the subsequent network modifications of natural rubber with accelerated sulfur. However, the literature regarding post-reversion curing behavior is scanty. This article describes the post-reversion upturn of natural rubber with a conventional accelerator sulfur system at a higher curing temperature. A network rebuilding after collapsing the initially formed network due to reversion was identified as the primary reason for the post-reversion upturn. The dynamic rheological testing capability of the Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA) was employed to characterize the network formed during curing, reversion and post-reversion phases. The cure-strain sweep data from the RPA indicated that the shear storage modulus (G') of the broken network increased due to the post-reversion upturn. The chemical crosslink densities of the samples were also found to increase due to the upturn curing behavior. From these experimental results and the information conceived from the previous literature, two plausible mechanisms have been proposed to interpret the post-reversion upturn cure behavior.

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“…This may help the scientist establish the actual chemical reaction mechanisms involved in the curing process at the molecular level using advanced characterization techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR), and infrared (IR) spectrometry, etc. From our previous experimental investigation, it has been observed that bismaleimide can react with halogenated rubbers during curing [26][27][28][29], and can also interact with NR/CV and butadiene rubber (BR)/CV systems via Diels-Alder and Alder-ene reactions [30][31][32]. Sadao Inoue filed a patent based on a chloroprene rubber and bismaleimide/ZnO composition for the development of vulcanizate with a high degree of crosslink density [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheometer Evidences for the Co-Curing Effect of a Bismaleimide in Conjunction with the Accelerated Sulfur on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends

et al. 2021

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The rheometer curing curves of neat natural rubber (NR) and neat chloroprene rubber (CR) with maleide F (MF) exhibit considerable crosslinking torque at 180 °C. This indicates that MF can crosslink both these rubbers via Alder-ene reactions. Based on this knowledge, MF has been introduced as a co-crosslinking agent for a 50/50 blend of NR and CR in conjunction with accelerated sulfur. The delta (Δ) torque obtained from the curing curves of a blend with the addition of 1 phr MF was around 62% higher than those without MF. As the content of MF increased to 3 phr, the Δ torque was further raised to 236%. Moreover, the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile strength of the blend with the addition of 1 phr MF in conjunction with the accelerated sulfur, was around 201% higher than the blend without MF. The overall tensile properties of the blends cured with MF were almost retained even after ageing the samples at 70 °C for 72 h. This significant improvement in the curing torque and the tensile properties of the blends indicates that MF can co-crosslink between NR and CR via the Diels–Alder reaction.

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Enhancing the efficiency of zinc oxide vulcanization in brominated poly (isobutylene-co-isoprene) rubber using structurally different Bismaleimides

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of short carbon and aramid fibres-filled bromo-isobutylene-isoprene rubber vulcanised with 4, 4’ bis(maleimido)diphenylmethane

Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of short carbon and aramid fibres-filled bromo-isobutylene-isoprene rubber vulcanised with 4, 4’ bis(maleimido)diphenylmethane

A Chemical Interpretation for the Post-Reversion Upturn in the Natural Rubber/Accelerated Sulfur System Based on the Viscoelastic Properties and Crosslink Density Measurements

Rheometer Evidences for the Co-Curing Effect of a Bismaleimide in Conjunction with the Accelerated Sulfur on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends

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