Enhancing the Efficacy of Certain Spray-Dried Baculovirus (AgipMNPV) against Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

The insecticidal efficacy of various baculovirus formulations against the cutworm Agrotis ipsilon was determined. The treatments consisted of molasses from suagrcane mixing with each of wheat germ, biochar, talc, chitosan, silica gel, pyrolysis bio-oilaqueous phase, pyrolysis bio-oilorganic phase, calcium carbonate, cornflour, calcium cassinate, aluminium potasium sulphate, Diatomaceous earth, dextrin, lignin PC 1307, soy screen, blankphor, skim milk powder, potassium cassinate, magnsium chloride, date molasses and pregelatinized starch. All applied in spray-dried at 2.2 x 10 9 occlusion body(OB) mL-1. The bioassay of each spray-dried formulation using the droplet feeding method by the blue solution containing 2% sugar and 0.1% blue dye. The resulting suspensions should all contain 0.377 x 10 6 OB mL-1 , represent the LD 70 for the unformulated virus. Exposure newly hatched larvae of cutworms and transfer to individual diet cups for each treatment and incubated at 28 o C in dark incubator for 7 days. The obtained results revealed that satisfactory control of the pest of 100% larval mortality compared to untreated control was achieved with the formulations containing molasses mixing with talc, silica gel, calcium carbonate, cornflour, calcium cassinate, diatomaceous earch, soy screen, and dextrin. However, the formulations containing chitosan, pyrolysis bio-oilaqueous phase and pyrolysis biooilorganic phase gave the lowest mortalities as 12.2, 11.1 and 6.7%, respectively. These findings is an attempt to provides an interesting alternative developed biopesticide formulations made with natural ingredients that could improve the efficacy and persistence of virus-based biopesticides.

The Role of Exosome and the ESCRT Pathway on Enveloped Virus Infection

“…Baculovirus is an enveloped macromolecule double-link DNA virus with a genome size of about 80-180 kb. In nature, baculovirus uses arthropods as a specific host for transmission and can be used as biological insecticides [105,106], protein expression vectors, and gene transduction vectors of mammalian cells [107][108][109], etc.…”

“…After oral ingestion of ODV in arthropods, the alkaline environment in their intestines causes the ODV shell to fall off, releasing infectious virions, which initiate infection from insect intestinal epithelial cells. Then the nucleocapsid enters the midgut cells for replication, and the newly formed nucleocapsid buds out of the midgut cells to form the second virion blastomavirus (BV), which invades cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis and mediates systemic infection between cells [106,110]. More than 600 species of baculoviruses have been found, among which Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (ACMNPV) has been extensively studied as a model baculovirus [111].…”