Enhancing the biological activity of chitosan and controlling the degradation by nanoscale interaction with bioglass

Abstract

A nonuniform degradation of physical mixture of organic-inorganic biomaterials increases their risk of failure. In this study a chemical bonding between chitosan and bioglass was used as an alternative product to address this issue. To prepare a homogenous composite, chitosan was functionalized with γ-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane and chemically bonded with bioglass during sol-gel method. The gelation time of these hybrids samples was optimized by varying parameters such as composition of chitosan and temperature. It was shown that gelation time was reduced from 7 days for pure bioglass at 25°C to less than six minutes at 70°C for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. Furthermore, the enzymatic degradation after 4 weeks was decreased from 80% mass loss for pure chitosan to 32% for chitosan 40 vol % bioglass hybrid. The results of in vitro study demonstrated that the presence of nanoscale interaction enhanced the bioactivity of chitosan. Additionally, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated with pore sizes in the range of 200-400 µm. These scaffolds were prepared by the addition of sodium bicarbonate during sol-gel method as a gas foaming agent and a neutralizer that resulted in decreasing the gelation time of hybrids to less than three minutes. The hybrids fabricated in this study possessed superior characteristics compared to chitosan, also physical mixture of chitosan-bioglass and are promising alternatives for bone tissue engineering applications.

Rheology, injectability, and bioactivity of bioactive glass containing chitosan/gelatin, nano pastes

“…The results showed that the disintegration resistance percentages (Dr) of the samples were approximately 90, 60, and 40 for BG-Cn, BG-Cn-Gel, and BG-Gel, respectively. These results confirm again the claims that chitosan bearing pastes make stronger interaction with glass constituents [67] ; and chitosan-gelatin containing paste is more stable than the paste which contains merely gelatin. [36] Considering the injectability, bioactivity, and the disintegration resistance results of the pastes, one can conclude that each of these vital parameters follows more or less the additives law [68] :…”

Enhancing Mechanical Properties and Biological Performances of Injectable Bioactive Glass by Gelatin and Chitosan for Bone Small Defect Repair

“…Moreover, also the silanol groups in the GPTMS can bind with chitosan and gelatin so adding further stability to the composites' structure [57]. Such results seem to be in line with previous literature; as an example, Ravarian et al [58] demonstrated that the use of GPTMS in combination with chitosan and BG was effective in improving the composites mechanical properties. Accordingly, it can be speculated that the parallel increasing of GPTMS wt% and mechanical properties is probably due to the presence of more covalent bonds between chitosan, gelatin and bioactive glass.…”

Bioactive poly(methyl methacrylate) for bone fixation

“…We speculate that the addition of hydrophilic compounds such as a biopolymer on the surface could promote cell proliferation capacity of PMMA-bioactive glass hybrids. 43 Analysis of samples mineralization by Alizarin Red S staining showed mineralization in both the PMBG EtOH and control groups at 28 days post-osteoinduction (Fig. 11).…”

“…The accepted three steps of osteogenesis are osteoprogenitor proliferation, osteoblast maturation, and matrix mineralization. 43 Analysis of samples mineralization by Alizarin Red S staining showed mineralization in both the PMBG EtOH and control groups at 28 days post-osteoinduction (Fig. Cell viability was measured at day 1 and day 7 and the results were shown in Fig.…”