Enhancing the Biocontrol Efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 through Cell Wall Degrading Enzyme Production

Abstract

The goal of this study was to enhance the biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 via its mycoparastic affinity as well as inducing the production of cell wall degrading enzymes. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were added to the growing medium of T. harzianum JF419706 to induce cell wall degrading enzymes. Production conditions of the target enzymes were optimized. The mycoparasitic affinity was induced by induction of the mutation of T. harzianum JF419706 by ethidium bromide and UV radiation. Results indicated that 4 days was appropriate to achieve the maximum production of the enzymes. The slight acidic pH (5.5-6.0) was more favorable for production of enzymes. The results exposed that chitin was responsible for improvement in the productivity of all tested enzymes, except the protease that was improved only by casein. All enzymes exhibited a high level of activity in media supplemented with yeast extract. Ethidium bromide in concentration either 0.5 or 1.0 mg mL -1 enhanced the mycoparasitic affinity of T. harzianum JF419706 more than UV radiation. However, both treatments enhanced the mycoparasitic affinity of the biocontrol agent compared with the wild type. This observation was confirmed by RAPD-PCR technique using primers chitinase (C15) and R2 that succeeded to differentiate among the mutants and the wild isolate.

Fungal isolates of genus Trichoderma induce wilt resistance to pea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi through competitive inhibition

“…Alamri and coworkers reported that cell wall of pathogen was degraded by production of lytic enzymes especially due to high concentration of chitinases which were produced by Trichoderma spp. (Alamri et al, 2016). Some other researchers reported antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum from Saudi Arabia and concluded that after 3 days of incubation of pathogen and biocontrol agent the sites visualized under SEM showed partial degradation of pathogen's cell wall and the antagonistic effect was mainly because of lytic enzymes production (Mazrou et al, 2020).…”

“…Hence some alternative methods may be employed to solve the problem. (Alamri et al, 2016). Bio-control based strategies has proved to be the method of choice to tackle the situation by using other microbes that interact with pathogens, thereby, can overcome the problem imposed by these chemicals and protect the plant from disease (Anand & Reddy, 2009).…”

“…There is no risk of resistance; therefore they became excellent source for strengthening plant defense hypersensitive reactions (Umapriyatharshini et al, 2009). The activity and expression of these hydrolytic enzymes vary in different strains of Trichoderma, leading to differences in the performance, when used as biocontrol agents (Alamri et al, 2016).…”

Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Residues for the Formulation of a New Active and Cost Effective Biofungicide to Control the Root Rot of Vegetable Crops

“…In our previous works, the new strain Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 showed promising biological control activity against many soil-borne pathogens in both in vitro and in vivo experiments [4,38]. The mode of action of this strain was approved as the production of cellwall degrading enzymes, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, the promotion of plant growth, and the induction of plant defense systems [39,40]. Formulation of Trichoderma harzianum has been proven to be effective in suppressing diseases in different plants and under different conditions [41,42], in addition to its effective formulation as a pesticide for many pests [43].…”

In vitro assessment of protease production and stress tolerance of mutant isolates of Trichoderma sp.

“…Trichoderma species have been reported to be the best protease producers (Alamri et al, 2015;Gajera and Vakharia, 2012;Kumari et al, 2012). Extracellular protease production potentials of Trichoderma isolates have been investigated.…”