Enhancing the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp strength by cationization with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

Abstract

Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP) is a newly emerging high yield pulp (HYP) with numerous advantages. However, the drawback of the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp from untreated plant biomass is its poor network strength. In this work, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) modification was proposed to enhance pulp network strength by fiber surface modification that could enhance fiber bonding. Three factors were analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize treatment conditions based on factorial designs. The results showed that the optimal conditions were CHPTAC dosage of 0.8% (oven-dry pulp), NaOH dosage of 0.1% (oven-dry pulp), and pulp concentration of 8%. The modified pulp fibers were characterized by elemental analysis, charge density analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), and internal bond strength analysis, as well as zero span tensile analysis. The physical strength of the modified APMP pulp was increased in terms of tensile index, tear index, and burst index. After modification, the tensile index, tear index, and burst index increased by 35.3%, 29.2%, and 16.7% respectively. The internal bonding strength increased by 144.4%; however, the increase of zero span tensile index of modified pulp fibers was insignificant.

Partial Replacement of Cationic Starch by Cationic Hardwood Kraft Lignin Does Not Compromise Key Paper Properties

“…The products obtained after neutralization, 24 h dialysis (cut-off 2000 Da), and freeze-drying had a DS of 0.7 and 1.2 according to elemental analysis (cf. Table 2), molecular weight analysis, and quantitative 13 C NMR data [9]. The 1 H and 13 C NMR analyses of the modified lignin as well as of the products obtained from pure CHPTAC under comparable conditions also suggested that no polymeric compounds were formed, which could have remained in the product after dialysis.…”

“…Table 2), molecular weight analysis, and quantitative 13 C NMR data [9]. The 1 H and 13 C NMR analyses of the modified lignin as well as of the products obtained from pure CHPTAC under comparable conditions also suggested that no polymeric compounds were formed, which could have remained in the product after dialysis. Based on the signal ratios of C3 and C5 carbon atoms neighboring free and etherified phenolic hydroxyl groups at C4 positions in guaiacyl and syringyl-type moieties, as well as taking into account the nitrogen elemental contents, it was concluded that about 70-80% of the available free hydroxyl groups had been reacted, next to a smaller portion of aliphatic hydroxyl groups [9].…”

“…Glycerol is nowadays quite cheap and almost exclusively produced from renewable resources, such as by transesterification in the biodiesel process or by the fermentation of sugars. The epichlorohydrin is then reacted at ambient conditions with trimethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a catalyst such as choline [13]. With regard to the principles of the green chemistry philosophy it is important to add that also the final grafting of CHPTAC onto the respective biopolymers can be conducted in aqueous alkaline medium and does not require organic solvents.…”