Enhancing stability region of time‐delayed smart power grids by non‐integer controllers

Abstract

In this study, the impacts of non-integer order controller on the stable parameter space of the microgrid (MG) frequency control system with fixed communication time delay are investigated and discussed with the help of the stability boundary locus (SBL) method. This study proposes a non-integer order controller for the load frequency control (LFC) of the MG systems. To that end, the load frequency model of the MG is formulated and then the characteristic equations of this model are obtained. Then, with the help of this characteristic equation, the stable parameter space of the non-integer controller is determined with regard to different time delay (τ) and fractional integral order values (α) using the SBL method. In order to show the accuracy of the obtained stable parameter space, time domain and generalized modified Mikhailov (GMM) criterion studies are carried out for different values of (τ) and (α). According to the results obtained, the areas of stable parameter space according to different α values and τ = 1.6 are calculated as 444.8860 for α = 0.4, 342.9728 for α = 0.7, 259.3578 for α = 1, 216.2541 for α = 1.3 and 159.6826 for α = 1.6. In addition, the areas of stable parameter space according to different τ values and α = 1.4 are calculated as 784.5222 for τ = 1, 106.3219 for τ = 2, 29.6959 for τ = 3 and 11.5946 for τ = 4. Despite the extreme variability arising from nature of resources that make up the MG, the designed non integer order controller with the values selected within the stable parameter space stably carries out LFC control of the MG.

Vektör Kontrol Sürücüsü için 2 DOF FOPI Kontrolör Tasarımı

“…Bunun nedeni kesirli diferansiyel sistemlerin reel dünya modellerini tamsayı dereceli diferansiyel ifadelere göre daha iyi tanımlamalarıdır [6], [7]. Kesir dereceli kontrolör yapıları da hem akademik hem de endüstriyel olarak büyük ilgi görmektedir [8]. Bu kontrolör yapılarındaki integral ve türev terimlerinin derecelerine getirilen ekstra serbestlik derecesi sayesinde bu kontrolör yapıları hem tamsayı dereceli sistemlerin hem de kesir dereceli sistemlerin kontrolünde tam sayı dereceli PID kontrolöre göre daha iyi yanıtlar vermesini sağlamıştır [9]- [11].…”

Robust Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller Tuning for Load Frequency Control of a Microgrid System with Communication Delay

“…In this respect, a hybrid MG is investigated in [7], utilizing FESS and BESS in primary frequency control, while using FC and DEG for secondary frequency regulation. In some literature, a single distributed generator is employed for secondary frequency regulation, such as a micro turbine-based MG in [8], and a fuel cell-based MG in [9]. In [10], FESS and BESS Energies 2023, 16, 5418 2 of 17 are used in primary frequency control for a shipboard MG, and a ship diesel generator is used for secondary frequency regulation to alleviate the output power fluctuations caused by RESs.…”

“…In this respect, the impact of the order of the fractional-order proportional-integral (FOPI) controller on system stability is presented in a fuel cell-based MG in [9]. The LFC issue for an MG system via FOPI controller is addressed in [8]. However, these methods do not deal with the tuning issues of load frequency controllers.…”

Data-Driven Repeated-Feedback Adjustment Strategy for Smart Grid Pricing

“…Kb and Ms brought forward a bidirectional converter, providing more optimized control strategies for controlled power consumption administration [8]. Yildirim and Khooban studied a controller of noninteger order for the stable LFC of the MGs [9].…”