Enhancing Stability and Tooth Bleaching Activity of Carbamide Peroxide by Electrospun Nanofibrous Film

Abstract

Carbamide peroxide (CP) possesses a strong tooth bleaching activity, however, its clinical application is limited because of its instability in aqueous formulations. This study explores the improvement of CP stability and bleaching activity by loading CP in electrospun nanofibrous film (ENF). Polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and silica were used as components for core-based nanofibers of ENF. Electrospinning feed aqueous solutions (EFASs) were developed for preparing CP loaded ENF (CP-ENF). Stability of CP in EFASs is significantly higher than in pure water. The highest stability of CP is found in PPS-CP3, composed of 0.5% CP, 5.5% polyvinylalcohol, 3% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 1% silica. The results from X-ray diffraction indicate that CP is dispersed as a non-crystalline form in CP-ENFs. CP and the compositions of EFASs play a major role on characteristics and bleaching efficiency of CP-ENFs. Drug release of CP-ENFs is the first order kinetics. CP-ENF obtained from PPS-CP3 shows the highest drug entrapment efficiency, high adhesion, and suitable sustained release. Drug release mechanism is along with anomalous transport according to Korsmeyer–Peppas model. In an ex vivo study using human teeth, it shows the highest bleaching efficiency among the others. Therefore, CP-ENF obtained from PPS-CP3 is a promising ENF for clinical use.

Development of Controlled-Release Carbamide Peroxide Loaded Nanoemulgel for Tooth Bleaching: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies

“…The measurements were performed using CIE L*a*b* system. The bleaching test was carried out by following a previous protocol [ 67 ] with some modification. The teeth were individually placed over gauze moistened in artificial saliva.…”

Stability and Influence of Storage Conditions on Nanofibrous Film Containing Tooth Whitening Agent

“…Preparation of CP-F was according to the procedure reported in previous work [ 22 ]. Briefly, CP solution composed of PVA, PVP, silica, CP, and water in a weight ratio of 5.5:3:1:0.5:90 was firstly prepared by dissolving PVA and PVP in distilled water, and continuously stirred at 70 °C for 12 h. The prepared PVA–PVP solution was cooled to room temperature.…”

“…A texture analyzer (TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer, Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK) was utilized to investigate the adhesive properties of CP-F using a method previously described [ 22 ], with some modification. Prior to testing, a texture analyzer was calibrated with a 5 kg load cell.…”

“…Recently, we reported that CP-loaded nanofibrous film (CP-F) could be produced by electrospinning technique for tooth whitening [ 22 ]. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a base solution for electrospinning nanofibrous film production.…”

Compromised dental cells viability following teeth-whitening exposure

“…In the tooth, the “whitening reaction” is thought to be carried out by H 2 O 2 -derived free radicals breaking down large dentinal chromogenic molecules (chromophores) into smaller molecules with lesser or non-absorbing optical properties, Fig. 1 8 , 9 . Unfortunately, H 2 O 2 does not remain confined to the dentin and can reach the pulp chamber mostly by diffusion through dentinal tubules.…”