Enhancing Soybean Yield: The Synergy of Sulfur and Rhizobia Inoculation

Hu, Yiao; Chen, Yulin; Yang, Xu; Deng, Lansheng; Lu, Xing

doi:10.3390/plants12223911

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Efficient nitrogen fixation can only occur when the two function symbiotically. This prompts plants to improve nitrogen utilization, thereby enhancing plant yield and quality [27][28][29]. Here, inoculation with S. meliloti LL11 caused improvement in the overall growth of alfalfa plants and the development of dark green leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Fatty Acid and Central Carbon Metabolite Distribution among Different Tissues of Alfalfa–Rhizobia Symbiotic System

Lu,

Kang,

Shi

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Fatty acid and central carbon metabolism are crucial energy metabolism reactions. However, to date, few studies have examined their distribution characteristics within the alfalfa–rhizobia symbiotic system. To clarify the distributional differences and accumulation rates of fatty acids and central carbon with this system, we measured the plant phenotype, nodule formation, nitrogen fixation capacity, and key nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities of Medicago sativa ‘Gannong No. 9’ 35 days post-inoculation (dpi) with Sinorhizobia meliloti LL11. Additionally, we employed targeted metabolomics to analyze central carbon and fatty acid metabolites in various tissue samples of symbiotic and control (C.K.) plants, as well as in S. meliloti LL11. We found that plant height; root length; aboveground fresh and dry weights; underground fresh and dry weights; and nitrate reductase, nitrogen reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase activities were significantly higher in the leaves and roots of symbiotic plants than in those of C.K. plants. Compared to symbiotic plants, C.K. plants exhibited higher total central carbon and fatty acid metabolite content, accounting for 38.61% and 48.17% of C.K. plants, respectively. We detected 32 central carbon and 40 fatty acid metabolites in S. meliloti LL11, with succinate (343,180.8603 ng·mL−1) and hexadecanoic acid (4889.7783 ng·mL−1) being the most. In both symbiotic and C.K. plants, central carbon metabolite was considerably higher than the fatty acid metabolite central. Moreover, the carbon metabolites found in symbiotic plants were primarily distributed in pink nodule roots (PNRs), with malate exhibiting the highest content (4,800,612.3450 ng·g−1), accounting for 53.09% of total central carbon metabolite content. Fatty acid metabolites were mainly found in pink root nodules (P.N.s), which are sites of nitrogen fixation. Trans-10-nonadecenoic acid and hexadecanoic acid exhibited the highest contents, comprising >15% of the total fatty acid metabolite content. We found that petroselaidic acid is only present in P.N., which seems to be closely related to the nitrogen fixation reaction in P.N. In general, symbiotic plants transfer central carbon metabolites to nodules via PNRs to drive nitrogen fixation. However, in P.N.s, these metabolites are limited, leading to accumulation in PNRs. Fatty acid metabolites, crucial for nitrogen fixation, are prevalent in P.N.s. Conversely, C.K. plants without nitrogen fixation distribute these metabolites primarily to the stems, emphasizing growth. This study provides new insights into the energy metabolism of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Fatty Acid and Central Carbon Metabolite Distribution among Different Tissues of Alfalfa–Rhizobia Symbiotic System

Lu,

Kang,

Shi

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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“…Another environmental factor influencing plant growth and development is interaction with microorganisms. Symbiotic relationships with representatives of the order Rhizobiales, capable of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and supplying it to plants, are highly specific for soybean (Wani & Gopalakrishnan, 2019;Hu et al, 2023). In this context, interactions with rhizobia extend beyond simple mineral nutrient intensification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the growth parameters and formation of the assimilation apparatus in E-gene isogenic lines of soybean

Hlushach,

Avksentieva

2024

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The study investigated the impact of the interaction between soybean and rhizobia on the assimilation apparatus functioning and biomass accumulation in different soybean lines with varying photoperiod sensitivity. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of soybean were used, with genes E1, E2, and E3 in different allelic states: Clark (e1E2E3), L80-5879 (E1e2e3), L63-3117 (e1e2E3), and L71-920 (e1e2e3). The experimental group for each line was treated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b. Plants were grown under natural long-day conditions (16 hours). Growth indicators of the studied lines, such as relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and specific leaf area (SLA), were analyzed, as well as the content of chlorophylls A and B in the V3 and V5 developmental stages. The results demonstrate that the influence of rhizobia on the functioning of the assimilation apparatus and biomass accumulation depends on the soybean line genotype. In the study, RGR, which characterizes the biomass accumulation rate, has similar trends to those observed with NAR, characterizing the assimilation apparatus's functioning. However, each line showed its own tendencies. For instance, in the short-day variety Clark, under bacterial influence, the value of RGR and NAR decreased. Additionally, LAR and SLA values indicated a reduction in the total photosynthetic surface area and leaf dry matter. Bacterial inoculation did not significantly affect the content of photosynthetic pigments in Clark leaves. Another short-day line, L80-5879, showed no significant impact of bacterial inoculation on biomass accumulation. However, soybean interaction with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b led to a decrease in leaf surface area and dry matter content. Probably, bacterial inoculation supported assimilation processes by increasing auxiliary chlorophyll b in photosystem I. A general trend of significant RGR reduction in neutral-day soybean lines, L63-3117 and L71-920, was identified under bacterial influence. The interaction with rhizobia differently affected LAR and SLA values, indicating distinct adaptive mechanisms to the interactions. In conditions of almost zero plant biomass accumulation, Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b caused a decrease in the total photosynthetic surface area and chlorophyll a and b content in the L63-3117 line. In L71-920, bacterial inoculation had no effect on the total photosynthetic surface area, while leaf dry matter and photosynthetic pigment content decreased. The obtained results demonstrate that interaction with rhizobia can influence the functioning of the assimilation apparatus in soybeans with varying photoperiod sensitivity that is determined by genotype. It is important in improving soybean productivity and its application in agricultural practices.

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The Function of Macronutrients in Helping Soybeans to Overcome the Negative Effects of Drought Stress

Staniak,

Szpunar-Krok,

Wilczewski

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Nutrient deficiencies are a major cause of yield loss under abiotic stress conditions, so proper nutrient management can reduce the negative effects of stress to some extent. Nutrients can alleviate stress by activating resistance genes, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, creating osmoprotectants in cells, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, increasing cell membrane stability, synthesizing proteins associated with stress tolerance, and increasing chlorophyll content in leaves. The current review highlights changes in soybean metabolic activity caused by drought stress and changes in vital functions caused by the deficiency of primary (N, K, P) and secondary macronutrients (Ca, Mg, S). The role of macronutrients in reducing the adverse effects of water deficit stress is highlighted. Under stressed conditions, appropriate nutrient management options can be implemented to minimize the effects of drought and ensure good yields. Balanced nutrient fertilization helps activate various plant mechanisms to mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses and improve soybean drought resistance/tolerance. Nutrient management is therefore a viable technique for reducing environmental stress and increasing crop productivity.

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Enhancing Soybean Yield: The Synergy of Sulfur and Rhizobia Inoculation

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Differences in Fatty Acid and Central Carbon Metabolite Distribution among Different Tissues of Alfalfa–Rhizobia Symbiotic System

Differences in Fatty Acid and Central Carbon Metabolite Distribution among Different Tissues of Alfalfa–Rhizobia Symbiotic System

Influence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the growth parameters and formation of the assimilation apparatus in E-gene isogenic lines of soybean

The Function of Macronutrients in Helping Soybeans to Overcome the Negative Effects of Drought Stress

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