“…The affirming messages may have been more powerful than the negative ones because their sourcesfemale elders and grandmothers-were so revered (Green, 1999;Schweitzer, 1999;Weaver & White, 1997). According to these findings, learning about their heritage and seeing the role-modeling of tribal elder women in childhood may help Native women facilitate resilience and consolidate the formation of a positive ethnic and gender identity in adulthood (Edwards, Edwards,Daines, & Eddy, 1978;Hanson, 1980;Weaver & White, 1997). As these four Native women reported, the process of reconnecting to their Native heritage in adulthood was initiated by a life-changing event, such as motherhood or a career change, and was empowering.…”