“…However, Marlatt and Gordon (1985) proposed that in addition to skill acquisition, which is encouraged in CBT and DBT approaches, self-efficacy is an equally important factor in preventing criminal relapse. MBIs have been linked to enhancements in self-efficacy and readiness for change (Dafoe & Stermac, 2013;Gärtner, 2013). Thus, it is not surprising that multiple studies have associated meditative interventions with reduced recidivism rates (Bleick & Abrams, 1987;Himelstein, 2011;Rainforth et al, 2003).…”