Enhancing paracellular and transcellular permeability using nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of brain and retinal diseases

Khalil, Asmaa; Barras, Alexandre; Boukherroub, Rabah; Tseng, Ching-Li; Devos, David; Burnouf, Thierry; Neuhaus, Winfried; Szunerits, Sabine

doi:10.1039/d3nh00306j

Nanoscale Horiz.

2024

DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00306j

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Enhancing paracellular and transcellular permeability using nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of brain and retinal diseases

Asmaa Khalil,

Alexandre Barras,

Rabah Boukherroub

et al.

Abstract: Discussion on how to overcome the current failures of synthetic and cell-derived nanomaterials to bypass or temporally open tight junctions of the brain and the eye using recent advancements in various nanotechnological strategies.

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Cited by 3 publications

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Glutathione transporter as a target for brain drug delivery

Guan

2024

Med Chem Res

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Inability to achieve therapeutic concentrations of a medication in the brain due to the blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major cause of treatment failure for most brain diseases. The BBB prevents almost 98% of small molecule drugs and almost all large molecule therapeutics from entering the brain. Modifying a drug delivery system with a brain targeting agent has been an effective approach in developing a brain targeting drug delivery system. Most of the brain targeting agents were developed based on a receptor- or carrier-mediated endocytosis process at the BBB. These endocytosis processes are transporting mechanisms for transporting endogenous molecules into the brain. They include those for transporting transferrin, LDL (low density lipoprotein), insulin, etc., with transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis being the most investigated and successful one for developing a brain targeting agent. The Na+-dependent glutathione transporter is present on the luminal side of the capillary endothelial cells of the brain, kidneys, and small intestine while its presence on the luminal side of the capillary endothelial cells of other organs is very minimal. This organ distribution difference enables the brain, kidneys and small intestines to sequester GSH from the blood circulation to meet the need of these organs for GSH, and provide a solid foundation for developing organ selective agents for these organs in general. This review provides an overview of the GSH transporter and the status of GSH transporter-based brain targeting drug delivery systems with the intention of bringing the field to the attention of a medicinal chemist for his/her expertise in organic synthesis, ligand identification and optimization.

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Glutathione transporter as a target for brain drug delivery

Guan

2024

Med Chem Res

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Progress of nanoparticle drug delivery system for the treatment of glioma

Lai,

Wu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Gliomas are typical malignant brain tumours affecting a wide population worldwide. Operation, as the common treatment for gliomas, is always accompanied by postoperative drug chemotherapy, but cannot cure patients. The main challenges are chemotherapeutic drugs have low blood-brain barrier passage rate and a lot of serious adverse effects, meanwhile, they have difficulty targeting glioma issues. Nowadays, the emergence of nanoparticles (NPs) drug delivery systems (NDDS) has provided a new promising approach for the treatment of gliomas owing to their excellent biodegradability, high stability, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and minimal adverse effects. Herein, we reviewed the types and delivery mechanisms of NPs currently used in gliomas, including passive and active brain targeting drug delivery. In particular, we primarily focused on various hopeful types of NPs (such as liposome, chitosan, ferritin, graphene oxide, silica nanoparticle, nanogel, neutrophil, and adeno-associated virus), and discussed their advantages, disadvantages, and progress in preclinical trials. Moreover, we outlined the clinical trials of NPs applied in gliomas. According to this review, we provide an outlook of the prospects of NDDS for treating gliomas and summarise some methods that can enhance the targeting specificity and safety of NPs, like surface modification and conjugating ligands and peptides. Although there are still some limitations of these NPs, NDDS will offer the potential for curing glioma patients.

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Review of yeast culture concerning the interactions between gut microbiota and young ruminant animals

Liu,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and regulate body metabolism by maintaining intestinal health. The state of gastrointestinal health is influenced not only by the macro-level factors of optimal development and the physiological structure integrity but also by the delicate equilibrium between the intestinal flora and immune status at the micro-level. Abrupt weaning in young ruminants causes incomplete development of the intestinal tract resulting in an unstable and unformed microbiota. Abrupt weaning also induced damages to the microecological homeostasis of the intestinal tract, resulting in the intestinal infections and diseases, such as diarrhea. Recently, nutritional and functional yeast culture has been researched to tackle these problems. Herein, we summarized current known interactions between intestinal microorganisms and the body of young ruminants, then we discussed the regulatory effects of using yeast culture as a feed supplement. Yeast culture is a microecological preparation that contains yeast, enriched with yeast metabolites and other nutrient-active components, including β-glucan, mannan, digestive enzymes, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and some other unknown growth factors. It stimulates the proliferation of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells and the reproduction of intestinal microorganisms by providing special nutrient substrates to support the intestinal function. Additionally, the β-glucan and mannan effectively stimulate intestinal mucosal immunity, promote immune response, activate macrophages, and increase acid phosphatase levels, thereby improving the body’s resistance to several disease. The incorporation of yeast culture into young ruminants’ diet significantly alleviated the damage caused by weaning stress to the gastrointestinal tract which also acts an effective strategy to promote the balance of intestinal flora, development of intestinal tissue, and establishment of mucosal immune system. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the application of yeast culture in the diet of young ruminants.

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Enhancing paracellular and transcellular permeability using nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of brain and retinal diseases

Abstract: Discussion on how to overcome the current failures of synthetic and cell-derived nanomaterials to bypass or temporally open tight junctions of the brain and the eye using recent advancements in various nanotechnological strategies.

Cited by 3 publications

References 185 publications

Glutathione transporter as a target for brain drug delivery

Glutathione transporter as a target for brain drug delivery

Progress of nanoparticle drug delivery system for the treatment of glioma

Review of yeast culture concerning the interactions between gut microbiota and young ruminant animals

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