Enhancing oxygen reduction reaction of Pt–Co/C nanocatalysts via synergetic effect between Pt and Co prepared by one-pot synthesis

Engineering the spin configuration of electrocatalysts for electrochemical renewable conversions

“…34 Specifically, when two electrons with the same spin orientation are close to each other at a certain point in time, for the purpose of avoiding the increase of the Coulomb repulsion, only electrons with the same spin state were permitted to swap orbitals (momentum) and validly separated in the quantum mechanical scale. The spin configuration of a reactant affects the electrode-reactant orbital overlap, which can in turn, reduce the activation energy of a heterogeneous electron transfer and can be addressed in terms of the Anderson-Newns Hamiltonian (step (10)), where n and e denote the occupation number and the energy of the indicated spin state (s and Às), respectively; c + and c are the creation and annihilation operators, respectively; U is the Coulomb integral; and V k is the matrix element for electron exchange between the reactant and the metal. 35…”

“…[6][7][8] Except for the classical thermodynamic adsorption energy descriptors, several theories based on the electrons, including d-band center theory, unsaturated metal coordination, and electronic spin state theory, have also been further proposed. [9][10][11] These theories are generally concentrated on the electronic structures and distributions, as well as the spin phenomenon of electrons as an intrinsic property.…”

Engineering carbon semi-tubes supported platinum catalyst for efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

“… 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 On the one hand, the weak binding between Pt nanoparticles and nanospherical carbon black is a shortcoming, which may result in the agglomeration and detachment of Pt nanoparticles as well as the reduction of both electrochemical active surface area and Pt utilization. It is expected that creating stronger chemical bond 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 and much more touchpoints 20 , 21 , 22 between metal nanoparticles and support through designing and synthesizing various nanostructured Pt-based alloy materials. 23 , 24 , 25 On the other hand, carbon black is inactive for ORR and susceptible to corrosion during ORR.…”