Enhancing oneself with an exosense: Learning from users' experiences

Abstract

The literature on human enhancement has long been limited to the fields of bioethics and philosophy, confining itself to an ideological battle. However, scholars have called for empirical data to move the debate forward. While there is a nascent literature on attitudes toward the human enhancement technology, there has been no scholarly examination of the experience of enhancement. Yet, risks and ethical issues reveal themselves through use. This paper focuses on a new form of cyborg technology for cognitive enhancement on the market: exosenses, that is, external senses. Three cases of the use of exosenses are presented. The experience of exosense users is analyzed based on interviews published in the media and videos posted by the users themselves. A thematic analysis is conducted. The different dimensions of the experiences are revealed. The first one pertains to defining augmentation, the second one is the natural character of exosenses, third one is the impact that the exosense has on real life, the fourth theme is about personal identity and exosense, and finally, the fifth theme revolves around the risks and opportunities presented by the use of exosenses.

Unconventional settings and uses of human enhancement technologies: A non‐systematic review of public and experts' views on self‐enhancement and DIY biology/biohacking risks

“…Human enhancement can be achieved through various ways (Bostrom & Sandberg, ): through internal, wearable, or external devices/materials/substances (e.g., internal nano‐implants, Giger & Gaspar, ; external exosenses, Gauttier, ); through hardware or software (e.g., brain–machine interface; Jebari, ); or a smart environment (e.g., digital or virtual environments; Coeckelbergh, ). Globally, many of such emerging technologies work by augmenting a biological function of the organism that otherwise would work “normally.” This could take the form of, for example, external devices, internal implants, materials/substances intake, gene therapy or others, to augment hearing, vision or cognitive capacities, target defective/inactive genes.…”