Enhancing Metabolic Parameters: The Impact of Porang Glucomannan on Body Weight, Intraperitoneal Fat, Fasting Blood Glucose, and GLUT-4 Levels in Rats Fed a High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate Diet

Abstract

The composition of high-fat and high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, 1 a condition characterized by a cluster of symptoms affecting the cardiometabolic system. These symptoms include central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. 1 The primary causes of metabolic syndrome are the consumption of high-calorie diet and insufficient physical activity. 2 Metabolic syndrome has become a global concern due to its increasing prevalence and numerous complications. According to data from the American Heart Association Journal (AHA), the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Asia has risen to 25.8% of the total population and continues to grow. In Indonesia, the occurrence of metabolic syndrome is also on the rise, along with an increased risk of obesity and weight gain. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Indonesia is reported to be 39.0% in 2020. 3 Among the Indonesian population, metabolic syndrome affects 14.3% of the elderly, with higher prevalence in women than men. 4 The escalating occurrence of metabolic syndrome in society necessitates effective treatment approaches. Besides lifestyle modification and drug consumption, metabolic syndrome can be solved with natural ingredient consumption as therapy or functional food, such as porang glucomannan.