Enhancing Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Stability of Li₃PS₄ via Zn, F Co-Doping for All-Solid-State Li–S Batteries

Abstract

Sulfide solid-state electrolytes have garnered considerable attention owing to their notable ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. However, achieving an electrolyte characterized by both high ionic conductivity and a stable interface between the electrode and electrolyte remains challenging, impeding its widespread application. In this work, we present a novel sulfide solid-state electrolyte, Li 3.04 P 0.96 Zn 0.04 S 3.92 F 0.08 , prepared through a solid-phase reaction, and explore its usage in all-solid-state lithium sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs). The findings reveal that the Zn, F co-doped solid-state electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.23 × 10 −3 S cm −1 and a low activation energy (E a ) of 9.8 kJ mol −1 at room temperature, illustrating the aliovalent co-doping's facilitation of Li-ion migration. Furthermore, benefiting from the formation of a LiF-rich interfacial layer between the electrolyte and the Li metal anode, the Li/ Li 3.04 P 0.96 Zn 0.04 S 3.92 F 0.08 /Li symmetrical cell exhibits critical current densities (CCDs) of up to 1 mA cm −2 and maintains excellent cycling stability. Finally, the assembled ASSLSBs exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 1295.7 mAh g −1 at a rate of 0.05 C and at room temperature. The cell maintains a capacity retention of 70.5% for more than 600 cycles at a high rate of 2 C, representing a substantial improvement compared to the cell with Li 3 PS 4 . This work provides a new idea for the design of solid-state electrolytes and ASSLSBs.