Enhancing Instruction for English Learners in Response to Intervention Systems

Abstract

This paper proposes a model of effective instruction and intervention for English Learners (ELs) within a Response to Intervention (RTI) framework. First, we review literature on effective instruction for ELs and how RTI can address the needs of these students. Then, we describe the PLUSS model, which integrates research on effective instruction for ELs, tiered models of support, and teacher practices. The model includes the following elements: Pre-teaching critical vocabulary; Language modeling and opportunities to use academic language; Using visuals and graphic organizers; Systematic and explicit instruction; and Strategic use of native language and teaching for transfer. Finally, we provide an example of a PLUSS model lesson for Tier 2 instruction within an RTI framework.

Meeting the Language Needs of Emergent Multilingual Students at Risk for Learning Disabilities through Multitiered Systems of Support

“…The PLUSS framework is a research-based, user-friendly overlay to instruction and intervention targeted at addressing the unique needs of multilingual learners within the context of all MTSS tiers (i.e., core instruction, intervention, and intensive intervention; Sanford et al, 2012). Specifically, the PLUSS framework was developed by integrating practices that have been demonstrated empirically to be effective for EMs (e.g., Baker et al, 2014;Gersten et al, 2007;Sanford et al, 2012). Authors are currently in the process of conducting research to document its effectiveness as an evidence-based practice in literacy and math (e.g., Sanford et al, 2012).…”

“…Specifically, the PLUSS framework was developed by integrating practices that have been demonstrated empirically to be effective for EMs (e.g., Baker et al, 2014;Gersten et al, 2007;Sanford et al, 2012). Authors are currently in the process of conducting research to document its effectiveness as an evidence-based practice in literacy and math (e.g., Sanford et al, 2012). As Figure 3 shows, the PLUSS framework can be used across all MTSS tiers and oral language proficiency levels.…”