Enhancing HIV prevention and care among men who have sex with men: insights from social psychology

Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies

2018

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Two studies (a cross-sectional survey of 90 UK workers and an experiment with 100 UK workers) examined the cognitive and behavioral effects of abusive supervision. Both studies confirmed the hypothesis that workers who experience abusive supervision show paranoia and this makes them more prone to a type of cognitive error called the "sinister attribution error". This is where workers misattribute innocent workplace events such as tripping over something or hearing colleagues laughing to malevolent motives such as wanting to harm or mock them. Study 1 also showed that abusive supervision is associated with lower wellbeing. Perceived organizational support buffers these effects, and this is associated with workers making less sinister attribution errors, thereby protecting wellbeing. Study 2 explored the role of contextual cues by exposing workers to images of abusive supervision. This increased their paranoia and contributed to workers making sinister attribution errors when they were asked to interpret workplace events. Moreover, depending on the types of contextual cues, workers were more likely to express intention of workplace deviance after thinking about past experiences of abusive supervision. We recommend that corporate ethical responsibilities include training managers and workers about the negative cognitive and mental health effects of abusive supervision.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Coping With Perceived Abusive Supervision: The Role of Paranoia

Lopes

Kamau

Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies

2018

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“…In view of the coercive norm of social distancing and the avoidance of contact with people outside of one’s household during the lockdown (Michie et al 2020 ), individuals who engaged in sexual risk behaviors were reluctant to seek support from others (as an alternative coping strategy) and to engage with sexual health services (such as HIV testing, sexual health screening and the acquisition of post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV). This reluctance to engage with services must be understood in the broader context of stigma, whereby gay and bisexual men who engage in condomless sex are often positioned as reckless, carefree and impulsive (Jaspal 2018 ). It must also be noted that the desire to conceal their sexual identity from significant others (to protect identity from other threats) constituted an additional layer of complexity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, an individual exposed to homophobia may deny his sexual identity (intrapsychic); pass himself off as heterosexual when interacting with others (interpersonal); or derive support from other gay men (intergroup). It is important to note that coping strategies are not activated randomly—as Jaspal ( 2018 ) observes, the individual will elect the most appropriate strategy in view of their personality, the social context and indeed the availability of particular coping strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Threat and Coping Among British South Asian Gay Men During the COVID-19 Lockdown

2021

Sexuality & Culture

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This study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on identity, relationships and psychological wellbeing among British South Asian gay men (BSAGM). Interview data from 15 BSAGM were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis and identity process theory. The analysis yielded the following three themes: (1) Fear of involuntary disclosure of gay identity; (2) Anxiety about relationships; and (3) Coping and casual sexual encounters. BSAGM who returned to the family home during the lockdown reported fear of involuntary disclosure of their sexual identity, exposure to stigma in relation to their sexuality, and anxiety about their relationships with significant others. In order to cope with the resultant threats to identity, some individuals concealed their sexual identity, which could undermine their sense of identity authenticity, and some reported engaging in casual sexual encounters as a means of coping with identity threat. BSAGM may be at high risk of identity threat during the COVID-19 outbreak with limited access to social and psychological support in relation to their sexuality. This in turn may lead to a reliance on ineffective coping strategies, such as sexual risk-taking.

“…El concepto de trastorno psicológico se refiere a la 'desagradable experiencia emocional de naturaleza psicológica (es decir, cognitiva, conductual, emocional) y/o social que interfiere con la capacidad individual de afrontar eficazmente una determinada situación' (Sellick & Edwardson, 2007, p. 535). De acuerdo con la Teoría del Proceso de la Identidad, los trastornos psicológicos pueden surgir en respuesta a una amenaza de la identidad, especialmente cuando esa amenaza es grave y prolongada, y no se resuelve (Jaspal, 2018). Pese a que los trastornos psicológicos a menudo se definen como una variable independiente, en este estudio analizamos su función como precursores del afrontamiento -después de todo, cuando el individuo experimenta malestar implementa a continuación diversas estrategias de afrontamiento para reducirlo (Breakwell, 1986;Deasy et al, 2014;Hardy et al, 2003).…”

Section: Trastornos Psicológicosunclassified

Coping styles in heterosexual and non-heterosexual students in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study (Estilo de afrontamiento en estudiantes heterosexuales y no heterosexuales en Líbano: un estudio transversal)

International Journal of Social Psychology: Revista de Psicolog

Assi

Maatouk

2022

The Lebanese population has been exposed to multiple stressors associated with political and economic instability for decades. Using survey data from 203 university students in Beirut, this study focuses on the factors that predict coping styles in men and women and heterosexual and non-heterosexual people in Lebanon. Heterosexual people reported higher religiosity and ethnic identification but lower psychological distress than nonheterosexual people. Women reported higher religiosity but lower identity resilience and engagement in the re-thinking/planning coping style than men. Religiosity was positively associated with identity resilience and ethnic identification but negatively associated with the social engagement coping style. Ethnic identification and identity resilience were positively associated with the social engagement and re-thinking/planning coping styles. Identity resilience and religiosity were negatively associated with psychological distress. The social engagement and re-thinking /planning coping styles were positively correlated. Results suggest that non-heterosexual people may be less likely to adopt adaptive coping styles because of their decreased religiosity and ethnic identification and that men and women have distinct pathways to adaptive coping strategies (through identity resilience and religiosity, respectively). RESUMENLa población libanesa ha estado expuesta a múltiples factores estresantes asociados a la inestabilidad política y económica durante décadas. Con los datos de un estudio realizado con 203 estudiantes universitarios en Beirut, este estudio se centra en los factores que predicen el estilo de afrontamiento en hombres y mujeres, y en personas heterosexuales y no heterosexuales en Líbano. Las personas heterosexuales manifestaron tener más religiosidad e identificación étnica, pero menos trastornos psicológicos que las personas no heterosexuales. Las mujeres manifestaron mayor religiosidad pero menor resiliencia de la identidad y compromiso que los hombres en el estilo de afrontamiento reconsiderar/planificar. La religiosidad se asoció positivamente con la resiliencia de la identidad y la ARTICLE HISTORY