Enhancing Hardness and Wear Performance of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy Through Achieving Ultrafine Microstructure

Li, Yanqin; Song, Lijun; Xie, Pan; Cheng, Manping; Xiao, Hui

doi:10.3390/ma13051210

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…A similar friction behavior was confirmed in the previous study on stainless steel 316 L that the friction coefficient was lower at the beginning of the test due to the initial surface roughness, where the asperities came into contact first and it deformed plastically with continuing reciprocating sliding [25]. Obtained friction coefficient results under dry conditions are in good consistency with the ultra-fined Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by SLM [35]. The wear track dimensions of the samples were measured by 3D LSM as shown in Figure 6, which allowed to calculate the wear resistance based on the wear track width and depth dimensions.…”

Section: Surface Integritysupporting

confidence: 88%

Tribology of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing

Amanov¹

2021

Tribology in Materials and Manufacturing - Wear, Friction and Lubrication

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In this study, the influence of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), which was applied as a post-additive manufacturing (AM), in terms of surface, tensile and tribological properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated. Ti-6Al-4V alloy was subjected to UNSM at room and high temperatures (RT and HT). It was found that the UNSM enhanced the strength and reduced the roughness of the as-SLM sample, where both increased with increasing UNSM temperature. The UNSM bore influence on tribological properties, where the friction coefficient of the as-SLM sample reduced by about 25.8% and 305% and the wear resistance enhanced by about 41% and 246% at RT and HT, respectively. These are essentially attributed to the enhanced strength, smoothed surface and expelled pores from the surface. Based on SEM images, the damage caused by abrasive wear was the most observed in the wear track of the as-SLM sample than was caused by the highest wear rate. The UNSM temperaturedependent wear mechanisms were comprehensively investigated and elaborated based on the obtained experimental data and observed microstructural images. Indeed, a further investigation is required to improve the characteristics of as-SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy to the wrought level due to the replacement possibility.

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Section: Surface Integritysupporting

confidence: 88%

Tribology of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing

Amanov¹

2021

Tribology in Materials and Manufacturing - Wear, Friction and Lubrication

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“…With the increase in power, the dilution and width of the clad increase with the simultaneous rise in the area of the substrate material with structural changes caused by the thermal interaction of the laser beam. For laser power of 1500 and 1800 W, there is practically no dilution with the substrate, and the unit area of a clad is much smaller than a clad produced at 2700 W. Moreover, the relatively low laser power/density and high scanning speed corresponded to the high cooling rate and high solidification rate of the molten pool, thereby increasing the undercooling of the solidification front [ 33 ]. These factors probably change the heat input conditions at the clad/substrate interface and promote a steeper increase of hardness for lower laser power.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure of Rhenium Doped Ni-Cr Deposits Produced by Laser Cladding

et al. 2021

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The addition of Rhenium up to 6% to Ni-Cr alloys can dramatically improve the corrosion and oxide resistance of deposited coatings at high operating temperatures. Ni-Cr+Re layers can be successfully produced using conventional powder metallurgy, high rate solidification (HRS), or magnetron sputtering methods. However, in industrial applications, high-performance deposition methods are needed, e.g., laser cladding. Laser cladding has several advantages, e.g., metallurgical bonding, narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ), low dilution, and slight thermal damage to the substrate. In this paper, a powder Ni-Cr composite with 1% (wt.) of Rhenium was produced, then deposited onto a steel substrate (16Mo3) by laser cladding to assess the micro and macrostructural properties of the obtained layers. Besides the macro and microscopic observations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis of the deposit and HAZ as well as microhardness measurements have been conducted. The microstructure observations revealed four subareas of HAZ gradually changing from the fusion line towards the base material. Maximum hardness occurred in the HAZ, mainly in areas closer to the clad/substrate interface, reaching up to 350–400 HV. No sudden changes in the composition of the deposit and the area of fusion line were observed.

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“…To analyze the contribution of each phase to the strengthening effect, nanoindentation tests were performed on the α and β Modulus can be beneficial or detrimental depending on how the material is used. Medical applications of Ti alloys require a lower modulus, close to that of human bone [31], whereas mechanical parts for aerospace and automotive industries require Ti alloys with superior wear resistance, usually obtained by alloys with high hardness and modulus [32]. In For the alloys with up to 5 wt% added W, it is evident that both the finer microstructure and the increase in the β phase concurrent with solid solution hardening are responsible for strengthening the alloy and limiting ductility loss.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of W-Bearing Ti-6Al-4V Alloys

Ahiale¹,

Kye²,

Kwon³

et al. 2021

Korean J. Met. Mater.

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W-containing Ti-6Al-4V alloys (W=0, 1, and 5 wt%) were fabricated by the powder injection molding process, and the corresponding effects of tungsten content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the alloys were investigated. The alloy powders were sintered at 1200 °C and then hot-isostatically-pressed at 900 °C. The fabricated alloys were subjected to microstructural and chemical analyses, and tensile and nano-indentation tests. The yield strength and tensile strength proportionally increased as the W content was increased from 0 wt% to 5 wt%. Ductility was not affected by the addition of up to 5 wt% W due to its complete dissolution in the matrix. Higher W addition induced finer α/β lamellar microstructures and increased the β to α phase ratio. Moreover, the added W dissolved preferentially in the β phase by solid solution hardening, increasing the hardness of the β phase, which originally was significantly softer than the α phase. For the alloys containing up to 5 wt% W, the strengthening without ductility loss was attributed to the finer α/β lamellae and the volume increase in the β phase hardened by W. These results suggest that adding W to Ti-6Al-4V alloy is a promising method for developing Ti alloys with both high strength and toughness.

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Enhancing Hardness and Wear Performance of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy Through Achieving Ultrafine Microstructure

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Tribology of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing

Tribology of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing

Microstructure of Rhenium Doped Ni-Cr Deposits Produced by Laser Cladding

Correlation between the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of W-Bearing Ti-6Al-4V Alloys

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