“…Moreover, integrating multityping information, the genotyping 3 environment 3 management (G3E3M) interaction could also be investigated, and predictive phenomics would be possible (Xu, 2016;Araus et al, 2018). In recent years, crop yield growth (genetic gain) has been slowing down, affected by several factors, for example, population, genotype, heritability, GS model, and breeding scheme (Xu et al, 2020). Integrated with optimized experimental design, high quality of field trials, robust crop model, envirotyping, and other strategies, high-throughput and accurate phenotyping will improve the heritability and potential for genetic gain (Araus et al, 2018).…”