Enhancing epoxy composite materials through lime‐treated sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber reinforcement: Morphological, mechanical, and flame‐retardant insights

Abstract

This study investigates the utilization of sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber to reinforce epoxy composites, enhancing both mechanical and fire resistance properties. Initially, bagasse is collected, sun‐dried, and finely ground before being treated with lime water at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight. The treated bagasse is then mixed with epoxy resin and a hardening agent, followed by a curing process. For samples incorporating glass fibers, the fibers are manually integrated and cured similarly. The methodology involved detailed preparation of the bagasse, its treatment, and subsequent integration with epoxy resin. The mixture was processed under controlled conditions to ensure uniformity and quality. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, and impact resistance were measured. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to assess thermal stability, while fire resistance was evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the 94‐V test method. Results demonstrated significant improvements in both mechanical and thermal properties with the addition of bagasse and glass fibers. The optimal treatment was identified at a 5% lime water concentration, yielding a tensile strength of 295.08 MPa, flexural strength of 371.24 MPa, compressive strength of 255.39 MPa, and Izod impact strength of 157.04 kJ/m2. TGA results showed the highest thermal stability at 5% concentration, with decomposition temperatures peaking at 402.52 °C. Fire resistance was markedly enhanced, achieving an LOI of 29.8% and meeting V2 level standards according to the 94‐V test method. In conclusion, treating sugarcane bagasse with a 5% lime water solution significantly enhances the mechanical and fire‐resistant properties of epoxy composites. The combination of sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber creates a robust material with high thermal stability and fire resistance, making it a viable option for applications requiring these enhanced properties.