“…3. For native material, the glucose yield went up gradually to 22.4% after 72 h [13]. After pretreatment, all samples performed higher glucose yield than the native material.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, substrates became more recalcitrant. The residual cellulose was enriched in crystalline portions encapsulated by lignin and hemicellulose, the mild pretreatment conditions were not enough for the dissolution of it, which impeded the enzymatic efficiency [13, 33]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is generally recognized that the addition of additives such as non-ionic surfactants, polymers and non-catalytic proteins could enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis, reduce the enzyme loading, or shorten the hydrolysis time [13–15]. Yan et al [14] reported that by adding BSA to dilute acid pretreated poplar generated more than 90% glucose and 95% xylose during enzymatic digestibility process.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yan et al [14] reported that by adding BSA to dilute acid pretreated poplar generated more than 90% glucose and 95% xylose during enzymatic digestibility process. In our previous study, the addition of Tween 80, BSA, PEG 4000, sulfonated lignin, and organosolv lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated substrates were compared, indicating that Tween 80 performed excellent increment in liberating glucose [13]. The boost to enzymatic digestibility by Tween 80 was due to its capacity in swelling fibers, increasing surface area, and improving the cellulase accessibility to cellulose [15].…”
Background
Due to the intact structure of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment was a prerequisite to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis by disrupting the recalcitrant lignocellulose and increasing the accessibility of cellulose to enzyme. In this study, an alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with various loadings of H
2
O
2
(1.25–6.25 wt%) at temperatures of 60–160 °C was proposed to degrade hemicellulose/lignin and improve the enzymatic digestibility.
Results
It was found that increasing H
2
O
2
loadings during pretreatment lead to the enhancement of substrate digestibility, whereas the alkali (only NaOH)-pretreated solid generated higher glucose yield than that pretreated under AHP pretreatment with lower loading of H
2
O
2
. This enhancement of enzymatic digestibility was due to the degradation of hemicellulose and lignin. Furthermore, Tween 80 was added to promote enzymatic digestibility, however, the increased yields were different with various substrates and hydrolysis time. The highest glucose yield of 77.6% was obtained after pretreatment at 160 °C for 60 min with 6.25% H
2
O
2
and the addition of Tween 80, representing 89.1% of glucose in pretreated substrate.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the AHP pretreatment could greatly enhance the enzymatic saccharification. The addition of Tween 80 played remarkable performances in promoting the glucose yield during enzymatic hydrolysis by stabilizing and protecting the enzyme activity. This study provided an economical feasible and gradual process for the generation of glucose, which will be subsequently converted to bioethanol and bio-chemicals.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-019-1454-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…3. For native material, the glucose yield went up gradually to 22.4% after 72 h [13]. After pretreatment, all samples performed higher glucose yield than the native material.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, substrates became more recalcitrant. The residual cellulose was enriched in crystalline portions encapsulated by lignin and hemicellulose, the mild pretreatment conditions were not enough for the dissolution of it, which impeded the enzymatic efficiency [13, 33]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is generally recognized that the addition of additives such as non-ionic surfactants, polymers and non-catalytic proteins could enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis, reduce the enzyme loading, or shorten the hydrolysis time [13–15]. Yan et al [14] reported that by adding BSA to dilute acid pretreated poplar generated more than 90% glucose and 95% xylose during enzymatic digestibility process.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yan et al [14] reported that by adding BSA to dilute acid pretreated poplar generated more than 90% glucose and 95% xylose during enzymatic digestibility process. In our previous study, the addition of Tween 80, BSA, PEG 4000, sulfonated lignin, and organosolv lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated substrates were compared, indicating that Tween 80 performed excellent increment in liberating glucose [13]. The boost to enzymatic digestibility by Tween 80 was due to its capacity in swelling fibers, increasing surface area, and improving the cellulase accessibility to cellulose [15].…”
Background
Due to the intact structure of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment was a prerequisite to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis by disrupting the recalcitrant lignocellulose and increasing the accessibility of cellulose to enzyme. In this study, an alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with various loadings of H
2
O
2
(1.25–6.25 wt%) at temperatures of 60–160 °C was proposed to degrade hemicellulose/lignin and improve the enzymatic digestibility.
Results
It was found that increasing H
2
O
2
loadings during pretreatment lead to the enhancement of substrate digestibility, whereas the alkali (only NaOH)-pretreated solid generated higher glucose yield than that pretreated under AHP pretreatment with lower loading of H
2
O
2
. This enhancement of enzymatic digestibility was due to the degradation of hemicellulose and lignin. Furthermore, Tween 80 was added to promote enzymatic digestibility, however, the increased yields were different with various substrates and hydrolysis time. The highest glucose yield of 77.6% was obtained after pretreatment at 160 °C for 60 min with 6.25% H
2
O
2
and the addition of Tween 80, representing 89.1% of glucose in pretreated substrate.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the AHP pretreatment could greatly enhance the enzymatic saccharification. The addition of Tween 80 played remarkable performances in promoting the glucose yield during enzymatic hydrolysis by stabilizing and protecting the enzyme activity. This study provided an economical feasible and gradual process for the generation of glucose, which will be subsequently converted to bioethanol and bio-chemicals.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-019-1454-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…When low enzyme dosages are used and no additive is employed in the process, the occurrence of nonproductive adsorption significantly decreases the amount of free cellulase available to hydrolyze the biomass, which substantially reduces the conversion. Hence, the most positive effects (gains) are observed when additives are used with low enzyme loadings [35][36][37] .…”
Section: Effect Of Reaction Time and Enzyme Dosagementioning
The use of additives in the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass can have positive effects, decreasing the unproductive adsorption of cellulases on lignin and reducing the loss of enzyme activity. Soybean protein stands out as a potential lignin-blocking additive, but the economic impact of its use has not previously been investigated. Here, a systematic evaluation was performed of the process conditions, together with a techno-economic analysis, for the use of soybean protein in the saccharification of hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane bagasse in the context of an integrated 1G-2G ethanol biorefinery. Statistical experimental design methodology was firstly applied as a tool to select the process variable solids loading at 15% (w/w) and soybean protein concentration at 12% (w/w), followed by determination of enzyme dosage at 10 FPU/g and hydrolysis time of 24 h. The saccharification of sugarcane bagasse under these conditions enabled an increase of 26% in the amount of glucose released, compared to the control without additive. The retro-techno-economic analysis (RTEA) technique showed that to make the biorefinery economically feasible, some performance targets should be reached experimentally such as increasing biomass conversion to ideally 80% and reducing enzyme loading to 5.6 FPU/g in the presence of low-cost soybean protein.
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