Enhancing Effect of Cortisone upon Poliomyelitis Infection (Strain MEF1) in Hamsters and Mice

Shwartzman, Gregory

doi:10.3181/00379727-75-18362

Cited by 69 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…It is noteworthy that these effects occurred only when corticosteroids were started before or during the first five days after virus inoculation but not when steroid administration was delayed until seven or nine days after infection. These results are consistent with previous observations of a high mortality (Shwartzman, 1950;Kilbourne and Horsfall, 1951;Smith, Murphy, and Mirick, 1951;Vella and Starr, 1965) and elevated plasma transaminase levels (Manso et al, 1959) in experimental animals given large doses of corticosteroids before inoculation with different viruses. It was of interest that in the present study a deleterious effect could be demonstrated with lower amounts of steroids than was noted in other reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…High mortality rates have occurred in animals but in most studies pharmacological doses of corticosteroids were used and were given before the viral infections (Shwartzman, 1950;Kilbourne and Horsfall, 1951). Starr and Pollard (1958) and Bang and Warwick (1960) found that mice which were normally resistant to mouse virus hepatitis became more susceptible if they were treated with corticosteroids before virus inoculation.…”

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Effects of corticosteroids on mouse hepatitis virus infection.

Datta¹,

Isselbacher²

1969

Gut

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Corticosteroid administration has been shown to have a deleterious effect in various viral infections in experimental animals. High mortality rates have occurred in animals but in most studies pharmacological doses of corticosteroids were used and were given before the viral infections (Shwartzman, 1950;Kilbourne and Horsfall, 1951). Starr and Pollard (1958) and Bang and Warwick (1960) found that mice which were normally resistant to mouse virus hepatitis became more susceptible if they were treated with corticosteroids before virus inoculation. Manso, Friend, and Wroblewski (1959), Vella and Starr (1965), and Hirano and Ruebner (1966 showed that the severity of infection with mouse hepatitis virus was increased in susceptible animals when corticosteroid therapy preceded or accompanied virus inoculation. In contrast to these animal studies, Katz, Velasco, Klinger, and Alessandri (1962) claimed that massive doses of corticosteroids were of benefit in the management of patients with fulminant viral hepatitis.The administration of murine hepatitis strains of virus (MHVS) to mice produces a disease which evolves slowly, is associated with abundant inflammation, and leads to a spectrum ofmorphological lesions which closely simulate human viral hepatitis (Jones and Cohen, 1962). In view of these effects of MHVS infection we considered it of interest to determine the results of corticosteroid administration on the course of infection with this virus. The disease process was followed by changes in plasma enzymes, liver histology, and mortality.These studies have shown that corticosteroids have an adverse effect on mouse hepatitis virus infection and that this response is associated with an increase of virus particles in the liver. Of significance was the finding that the steroid effect was dependent on the time at which the hormone was administered. ' In all experiments 20 to 30 mice were bled at each point in time unless otherwise stated. A similar number of animals were used for mortality experiments.INOCULUM The virus inoculum consisted of 100% homogenate of liver infected with two strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHVS and MHV-A59) in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7-4. Normal liver inocula consisted of 10% homogenate of normal liver in the same buffered saline. Numerous aliquots of both inocula were made and stored at -40°C. Whenever virus or normal liver inoculum was injected, a fresh aliquot was thawed and used for injection. In each experiment mice received either 0-1 ml of virus or 0 1 ml of normal liver inoculum intraperitoneally. Titration of the virus inoculum was carried out at the time of its preparation; it was shown that 0-16 ml of inoculum was equivalent to 1 LD50. This inoculum was used in all experiments.CORTICOSTEROID PREPARATIONS Hydrocortisone (Cortef) or a long-acting preparation of methyl prednisolone (Depo-Medrol) was given intramuscularly. The steroid preparations were diluted with the appropriate vehicle so that animals received 01 ml of steroid solution regardless of the dose employed. Wheneve...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of corticosteroids on mouse hepatitis virus infection.

Datta¹,

Isselbacher²

1969

Gut

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“…Since an enhancement of the infection under the influence of the hormone was anticipated, an animal partially refractory to the virus, the Syrian hamster, was selected for these studies (1,2). The data embodied in this paper serve to extend the initial observations as follows:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was a significant increase in the titer of the virus in the brain of cortisonetreated hamsters. A C T H alone failed to produce this enhancement (1,2). Mice and hamsters receiving four intramuscular injections of 5 rag.…”

Section: (From the Department Of Microbiology The Mount Sinai Hospitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Experimental Poliomyelitis Infection in the Syrian Hamster With the Aid of Cortisone

Shwartzman

Fisher

1952

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The hormones employed for the studies were made by the following manufacturers: adrenocorticotropic hormone, lyophilized, standard LA-1A (ACTH), ACTHAR, Armour Laboratories; desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) 5 mg. per ml. in sesame off, descorterone, C. F. Kirk and Co.; progesterone, 5 mg. per ml. in sesame oil, progestin, Organon, Inc.; diethylstilbestrol 1 rag. per ml. in peanut oil, Abbott; and cortisone acetate, cortone acetate, Merck and Co., 25 mg. per ml. The slow acting ACTH was prepared by dissolving lyophilized ACTH in warm 30 per cent gelatin containing 3 per cent procain, Armour Laboratories, Lot J 786, obtained through the courtesy of Dr. Irby Bunding. DCA, progesterone, diethylstilbestrol, and cortisone were injected into the thigh muscle in a volume not exceeding 0.2 ml. The right and left thigh were used alternately for repeated injections. The ACTH and the slow acting ACTH were similarly injected intramuscularly, the largest volume for each injection being 0.25 ml. and 0.3 ml. respectively. Enhancing Effect of Cortisone upon MEF1 Infection in the HamsterPrior to and simultaneously with the experiments described below the toxic effect of cortisone was studied in 80 hamsters.

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“…In addition, in recent years, studies designed to follow the growth and dissemination of certain viruses in the experimental host after peripheral inoculation have revealed lipotropic characteristics in a number of viruses. [9][10][11][12][13][14] To pursue studies such as those we had in mind, it first became necessary to learn something of the habits and characteristics of the various species of bats we had hoped to use. Unless it was possible to maintain infected animals in captivity under controlled laboratory conditions for extended periods of time, it would have been futile to undertake studies on the "reser- of this study therefore was concerned primarily with the laboratory care and maintenance of the gregarious Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana Saussure) readily available to us for laboratory study.…”

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