Enhancing ecological complexity in soft‐bottom coastal ecosystems: the impact of introducing hard substrates
Sterre Witte,
Jon Dickson,
Oscar Franken
et al.
Abstract:Coastal ecosystems globally face pressures, with natural coastal habitats being replaced by engineered structures. While hard structures for navigation‐purposes and coastal defense can negatively impact native communities, they can also be applied in ecological restoration as artificial reefs. This way substrates may facilitate establishment of biogenic (shellfish) reefs and provide habitat heterogeneity in soft‐sediment ecosystems. In a 1.5‐year experiment, we introduced six different types of natural or biod… Show more
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