Enhancing Cytotoxicity of Tamoxifen Using Geranium Oil

Abstract

Aromatherapy and plant-based essential oils are widely used as complementary and alternative therapies for various symptoms, including anxiety, mild mood disorders, and cancer-related pain. In a previous study, we developed an in vitro assay using immortalized hypothalamic neuronal cells (GT1-7 cells). In this study, we used this assay to investigate the effects of Geranium oil on the cytotoxicity of the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist: tamoxifen (TMX). The results showed that Geranium oil augmented TMX-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner without directly reducing the viability of GT1-7 cells. Cotreatment with Geranium oil and ER agonist β-estradiol (E2) attenuated the inhibition of GT1-7 cell growth. Moreover, Geranium oil and geraniol, a major constituent of Geranium oil, showed weak agonist activity on ERα and ERβ with geraniol augmenting TMX-induced cell death similar to that observed in Geranium oil. Both compounds impair E2 activity. These data indicate that geraniol is an essential constituent of Geranium oil.

Combining the Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Properties of Selected Essential Oils with their Chemical Components by GC‐MS Analysis

“…Building upon these findings, previous studies have highlighted the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and anti‐inflammatory attributes of P. graveolens EO in the context of metastatic cancer cell lines [54] . Moreover, P. graveolens EO has previously demonstrated the capacity to contrast tumor progression in breast cancer and enhance the cytotoxicity of tamoxifen [55,56] . Additionally, α‐pinene, a constituent of R. officianlis EO with anticancer potential, could be explored further for its role in modulating cancer cell behavior.…”

“…[54] Moreover, P. graveolens EO has previously demonstrated the capacity to contrast tumor progression in breast cancer and enhance the cytotoxicity of tamoxifen. [55,56] Additionally, α-pinene, a constituent of R. officianlis EO with anticancer potential, could be explored further for its role in modulating cancer cell behavior. The application of citronellol from P. graveolens EO in cancer research warrants deeper investigation, especially in understanding its mechanisms of action.…”

Cytotoxic and Antioxidative Effects of Geranium Oil and Ascorbic Acid Coloaded in Niosomes against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

“…MCF-7 cells are a well-established and widely used breast cancer cell line that has been extensively characterized and validated for studying breast cancer . On the other hand, GO has been reported previously to suppress tumor progression in breast cancer and enhance the cytotoxicity of tamoxifen. , Additionally, AA has been reported to promote apoptosis in breast cancer cells . In this regard, MCF-7 cells were treated for 24 h using increasing concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 μg/mL) of free AA, free GO, or AA and GO loaded in AA/NSs, GO/NSs, or AA-GO/NSs, in addition to plain niosomes and DOX.…”