Enhancing Brackish Water Desalination using Magnetic Flow-electrode Capacitive Deionization

Core–Shell Fe3O4@C Conductive Additives for Magnetic Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization: Reconstruction of Charge Percolation Networks

“…In the charging processes, a pair of cylindrical neodymium magnets (50 mm × 10 mm) was placed on either side of the FCDI cell to apply a magnetic field. The spatial distribution of magnetic flux (Φ) has been described in our previous work . In a semicontinuous operation test (over 1500 min, 5 cycles), the MC particles in the hybrid suspension electrode were recovered by magnetic separation after each cycle, and the obtained MC particles were then mixed with a fresh suspension electrode (containing 2.5 wt % AC and 0.5 g L –1 NaCl) for further use in the next cycle.…”

“…One of the primary reasons for the low utilization efficiency is the shear-thinning behavior in laminar flow, which leads to an uneven distribution of suspension electrodes in the flow channel and incomplete construction of charge percolation networks. , Therefore, solving the issues of low electron transport efficiency caused by the small thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer is the key to enhancing FCDI desalination . Recently, Xu et al introduced magnetic fields into FCDI and demonstrated that magnetic fields could enhance the direct electron transfer between magnetic electrode particles. However, the preparation process of the material is complicated and the stability of the material is problematic.…”

Enhanced desalination performance in flow electrode capacitive deionization with nitrogen doped porous carbon

“…37 Therefore, the use of low carbon content to obtain excellent desalination performance has been paid more and more attention by researchers. [38][39][40] It is necessary to use simple and green methods to develop electrode materials, so that they can obtain excellent desalinization performance even with a low carbon content.…”

Regulating Surface Wettability and Charge Density of Porous Carbon Particles by In Situ Growth of Polyaniline for Constructing an Efficient Electrical Percolation Network in Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization

“…The desalination performance of an FCDI device largely depends on the construction of effective flow electrodes, i.e., the interconnection of suspended particles for a conductive network, the large accessible area of particles for ion adsorption, and the compatible solid/liquid interface for surface wetting and ion migration. ,, Carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and activated carbon (AC), often show exceptional electrical properties and thus are widely accepted as candidates for an FCDI electrode, but the hydrophobic surface property makes them not able to easily form a uniformly dispersed aqueous slurry. ,− Well, a known fact of carbon material is that a trade-off exists between electrical conductivity and surface hydrophilicity. In other words, electrical conductivity is required for constructing an electrical network in the flow electrode, while it is often sacrificed during surface wettability treatment due to the grafting of hydrophilic groups.…”