Enhancing and inhibiting stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic integrated circuits

Merklein, Moritz; Kabakova, Irina V.; Büttner, Thiess; Choi, Duk‐Yong; Luther‐Davies, Barry; Madden, Steve; Eggleton, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1038/ncomms7396

Cited by 90 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In addition, has been suggested of using intense acoustic waves for the control of weak optical fields, for example, for frequency conversion [5,6], on-chip phase modulation [7], or nonreciprocal scattering of optical beams [8,9]. In particular, in nanophotonic structures, where photons and phonons are both strongly confined [10][11][12][13][14], such techniques represent a promising alternative to Kerr-or electro-optical modulation techniques for manipulating light [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum acousto-optic control of light-matter interactions in nanophotonic networks

et al. 2019

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We analyze the coupling of atoms or atom-like emitters to nanophotonic waveguides in the presence of propagating acoustic waves. Specifically, we show that strong index modulations induced by such waves can drastically modify the effective photonic density of states and thereby influence the strength, the directionality, as well as the overall characteristics of photon emission and absorption processes. These effects enable a complete dynamical control of light-matter interactions in waveguide structures, which even in a two dimensional system can be used to efficiently exchange individual photons along selected directions and with a very high fidelity. Such a quantum acousto-optical control provides a versatile tool for various quantum networking applications ranging from the distribution of entanglement via directional emitter-emitter interactions to the routing of individual photonic quantum states via acoustic conveyor belts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum acousto-optic control of light-matter interactions in nanophotonic networks

et al. 2019

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“…However, we can certainly envisage mixed systems in which a classical coherent state phonon field interacts with non-classical photon states in order to transfer quantum information between different channels, and our treatment is ideal for studies at this quantum-classical boundary. As mentioned earlier, another avenue is the description of enhancement and inhibition of SBS through density of states engineering [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This infinite structure form is a good starting point for investigating the enhancement and suppression of Brillouin scattering by adjusting the matrix elements or the density of states of optical or acoustic modes. This is a technique that has recently begun to be explored in [52].…”

Section: Fermiʼs Golden Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

A Hamiltonian treatment of stimulated Brillouin scattering in nanoscale integrated waveguides

Sipe

Steel

2016

New J. Phys.

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We present a multimode Hamiltonian formulation for the problem of opto-acoustic interactions in optical waveguides. We develop a quantised Hamiltonian representation of the acoustic field and then introduce a full system with a simple opto-acoustic coupling that includes both photoelastic/ electrostrictive and radiation pressure/moving boundary effects in a particularly transparent manner. The interaction is applied to a Fermiʼs golden rule calculation of spontaneous Brillouin scattering in uniform waveguides. The Heisenberg equations of motion are then used to obtain coupled mode equations for quantised envelope operators for the optical and acoustic fields. We show that the coupling coefficients obtained coincide with those established earlier. Our formalism provides a new basis for future work involving quantum photon and phonon noise in the low intensity limit, phonon-phonon scattering and anharmonicity effects.Consequently, on-chip SBS was first achieved [21] in rib waveguides made from nonlinear chalcogenide glasses, which combine high refractive index and nonlinearity with relative mechanical softness. Subsequently, SBS in silicon waveguides has been observed in Si/SiN membranes [22] and elevated rails [23,24], which both exploit physical isolation of the waveguide to minimise acoustic losses. Considerable development will be needed to reach designs suitable for mass-fabrication, but a practical platform for on-chip SBS would enable numerous applications [25] in microwave photonics [10,12,[26][27][28][29], sensing, isolators [30, 31] and chip-based lasers [32,33].A key driver for developing SBS in sub-micron waveguides was the realisation by Rakichet al [34,35] that at small scales, there are new contributions to SBS associated with radiation pressure of light on the waveguide boundaries, and the back-action of 'moving boundaries' on the optical field [36]. Depending on the particular waveguide configuration and combination of optical modes, these contributions can either reinforce or counteract the more familiar bulk contributions from electrostriction (the mechanical stress induced by the optical field) and the complementary process of photoelasticity (the change in the dielectric response induced by the acoustic strain) [34]. As well, waveguides in which the acoustic fields are strongly confined can enhance the scattering efficiency of near-stationary quasi-transverse acoustic waves, a requirement for efficient forward SBS where the pump and Stokes wave co-propagate [16, 35] (see figure 1).Through this work and subsequent contributions [23, 37], the coupled mode equations describing SBS in compact waveguides have been established through several routes including treatments based on optical forces and the Maxwell stress tensor [22,34,35], and an approach that focuses on susceptibilities and the Maxwell boundary conditions [37,38]. As well as providing precise forms for the coupling constants for both the electrostrictive and radiation pressure effects, these works confirmed that the radiation pressure a...

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“…This, however, often results in simultaneous enhancement of competing nonlinear processes, which limit the efficiency and can cause signal distortion. Recently, we showed that the frequency dependence of the optical density of states near the edge of a photonic bandgap can be exploited to selectively enhance or inhibit nonlinear interactions on a chip [13]. We demonstrated this concept for SBS using a narrow band one dimensional photonic bandgap structure: a Bragg grating.…”

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confidence: 96%

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic integrated circuits: Fundamentals and applications

Eggleton

2015

2015 IEEE Summer Topicals Meeting Series (SUM)

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On chip Stimulated Brillouin scattering offers potential for integration of a variety of important photonic functionalities. Here, we demonstrate selectively enhancing and inhibiting nonlinear interactions on a chip by exploiting the frequency dependence of the optical density of states near the edge of a photonic bandgap.The nonlinear optical process known as Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) describes the coherent three wave interaction between an optical pump wave and a red shifted optical Stokes wave through the intermediary of an acoustic wave. SBS has proven to be extremely useful for a number of photonic applications but is also considered a nuisance in some systems such as long optical fiber communication links and in high power lasers.On chip nonlinear optics is a thriving research field, which creates opportunities for manipulating light in small footprint integrated devices. In the recent years there has been a remarkable surge of interest in harnessing SBS on the nanoscale [1]. The first demonstration [2] of on chip SBS was based on a chalcogenide photonic chip. This was enabled by a large material nonlinearity [6] as well as strong confinement of the optical and the acoustic mode [2]. This demonstration and others [1] [5] has opened the door for the photonic integration of a variety of SBS based applications such as tunable optical delay [7] and filters [8], lasers [3,9], frequency comb sources [10] and microwave photonic signal processing [11,12], summarized below in Figure 1.  Fig. 1: SBS has been the basis of demonstrations of on chip frequency combs and pulses sources, microwave photonic filters, lasers, tunable phase shifters, new architectures for non reciprocity, slow and fast light and tunable dynamic Brillion gratings. 84 MF3.1 (Invited) 1:30 PM -2:00 PM 978-1-4799-7468-9/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE

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Enhancing and inhibiting stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic integrated circuits

Cited by 90 publications

References 64 publications

Quantum acousto-optic control of light-matter interactions in nanophotonic networks

Quantum acousto-optic control of light-matter interactions in nanophotonic networks

A Hamiltonian treatment of stimulated Brillouin scattering in nanoscale integrated waveguides

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic integrated circuits: Fundamentals and applications

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