Enhancements of major aerosol components due to additional HONO sources in the North China Plain and implications for visibility and haze

An, Junling; Liu, Ying; Chen, Yong; Li, Jian; Yu, Qian; Tang, Yiheng

doi:10.1007/s00376-012-2016-9

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Unknown HONO sources and their potential impacts on air quality have gained extensive interests (Sarwar et al 2008;Li et al 2011;Hendrick et al 2014). An et al (2013) found that HONO sources decreased concentrations of gaseous NO y but to our current knowledge, the impact of HONO sources on regionalscale deposition of individual NO y species has not been quantified up to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Impacts of Additional HONO Sources on Concentrations and Deposition of NO<sub>y</sub> in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

Liu

Kajino³

et al. 2015

SOLA

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This study applies the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) to examine impacts of three additional HONO sources, i.e., the reaction of photoexcited NO 2 (NO 2 * ) with water vapor (NO 2 * chemistry), the NO 2 heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces and HONO emissions, on concentrations and deposition of individual NO y species over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) in summer and winter periods of 2007. The results show that the three additional HONO sources produce a 20%~40% (> 100%) increase in monthly-mean OH concentrations in many urban areas in August (February), leading to a 10%~40% (10%~100%) variation in monthly-mean concentrations of NO x , NO 3 − and PAN, a 5%~10% (10%~40%) increase in the total dry deposition of NO y , and an enhancement of 1.4 Gg N (1.5 Gg N) in the total of dry and wet deposition of NO y over this region in August (February). These results suggest that the additional HONO sources aggravate regional-scale acid deposition, emphasizing the importance of the additional HONO sources in the NO y budget.(Citation: Li, Y., J. An, M. Kajino, J. Li, and Y. Qu, 2015: Impacts of additional HONO sources on concentrations and deposition of NO y in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China. SOLA, 11, 36−42,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Impacts of Additional HONO Sources on Concentrations and Deposition of NO<sub>y</sub> in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

Liu

Kajino³

et al. 2015

SOLA

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“…For the heterogeneous formation of ClNO 2 through the reactions of N 2 O 5 on Cl-containing particles, we applied the modified MOSAIC module developed by Archer-Nicholls et al (2014) and Lowe et al (2015). The heterogeneous processes of N 2 O 5 were considered as simple first-order reactions, taking into account the particle surface area density, molecular velocity, and uptake coefficient of N 2 O 5 on an aerosol surface.…”

Section: Heterogeneous N 2 O 5 Chemistry and Chlorine Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details on the modifications were introduced by ArcherNicholls et al (2014) and Lowe et al (2015). In the treatment of heterogeneous N 2 O 5 chemistry in WRF-Chem by Archer-Nicholls et al (2014), ClNO 2 was assumed to out-gas near-instantaneously, and it was treated as an inert species without further gas-phase reactions. Based on their development, we further included the chlorine chemical reactions listed in Table 1 into the CBMZ_ReNOM module.…”

Section: Heterogeneous N 2 O 5 Chemistry and Chlorine Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By considering direct and secondary HONO sources, a few studies using regional chemical transport models (e.g., CMAQ, WRF-Chem) suggested that HONO could enhance surface-level O 3 by 1.4-6 ppb in North America (Li et al, 2010;Sarwar et al, 2008), 1-3 ppb in Europe (Elshorbany et al, 2012;Gonçalves et al, 2012), and 3-12 ppb in northern China (Li et al, 2011;An et al, 2013). A very recent study by our group parameterized up-todate HONO sources, including gas-phase reactions, heterogeneous formation at various surfaces, traffic sources, and biological emissions, into a chemistry transport model (WRFChem).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several chemical transport model studies have evaluated the impact of the hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 , the subsequent formation of ClNO 2 , and/or Cl-radical-initiated chemistry on tropospheric chemistry in North America and Europe. These studies suggested that the new chemistry could influence NO x and chlorine cycling, leading to an enhancement of 1-2 ppb in surface O 3 concentration in Texas (Simon et al, 2010), a 3-4 % increase in monthly average 8 h O 3 across the US (Sarwar et al, 2012), and a negative impact on nighttime oxidative chemistry with reductions of up to 30 % in NO 3 and N 2 O 5 (without considering chlorine chemistry) over the northwestern Europe (Archer-Nicholls et al, 2014;Lowe et al, 2015). In a recent study, we parameterized the heterogeneous uptake of N 2 O 5 , the formations of ClNO 2 , and chlorine chemistry into WRF-Chem and demonstrated that these processes could lead to O 3 enhancement of up to 16.3 % within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over the PRD region in the winter season .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combined impacts of nitrous acid and nitryl chloride on lower-tropospheric ozone: new module development in WRF-Chem and application to China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO 2 ) -through their photolysis -can have profound effects on the nitrogen cycle and oxidation capacity of the lower troposphere. Previous numerical studies have separately considered and investigated the sources/processes of these compounds and their roles in the fate of reactive nitrogen and the production of ozone (O 3 ), but their combined impact on the chemistry of the lower part of the troposphere has not been addressed yet. In this study, we updated the WRFChem model with the currently known sources and chemistry of HONO and chlorine in a new chemical mechanism (CBMZ_ReNOM), and applied it to a study of the combined effects of HONO and ClNO 2 on summertime O 3 in the boundary layer over China. We simulated the spatial distributions of HONO, ClNO 2 , and related compounds at the surface and within the lower troposphere. The results showed that the modeled HONO levels reached up to 800-1800 ppt at the surface (0-30 m) over the North China Plain (NCP), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions and that HONO was concentrated within a 0-200 m layer. In comparison, the simulated surface ClNO 2 mixing ratio was around 800-1500 ppt over the NCP, YRD, and central China regions and was predominantly present in a 0-600 m layer. HONO enhanced daytime RO x (OH + HO 2 + RO 2 ) and O 3 at the surface (0-30 m) by 2.8-4.6 ppt (28-37 %) and 2.9-6.2 ppb (6-13 %), respectively, over the three most developed regions, whereas ClNO 2 increased surface O 3 in the NCP and YRD regions by 2.4-3.3 ppb (or 5-6 %) and it also had a significant impact (3-6 %) on above-surface O 3 within 200-500 m. The combined effects increased surface O 3 by 11.5, 13.5, and 13.3 % in the NCP, YRD, and PRD regions, respectively. Over the boundary layer (0-1000 m), the HONO and ClNO 2 enhanced O 3 by up to 5.1 and 3.2 %, respectively, and their combined effect increased O 3 by 7.1-8.9 % in the three regions. The new module noticeably improved O 3 predictions at ∼ 900 monitoring stations throughout China by reducing the mean bias from −4.3 to 0.1 ppb. Our study suggests the importance of considering these reactive nitrogen species simultaneously into chemical transport models to better simulate the formation of summertime O 3 in polluted regions.

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Potential sources of nitrous acid (HONO) and their impacts on ozone: A WRF‐Chem study in a polluted subtropical region

et al. 2016

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Current chemical transport models commonly undersimulate the atmospheric concentration of nitrous acid (HONO), which plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry, due to the lack or inappropriate representations of some sources in the models. In the present study, we parameterized up-to-date HONO sources into a state-of-the-art three-dimensional chemical transport model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry: WRF-Chem). These sources included (1) heterogeneous reactions on ground surfaces with the photoenhanced effect on HONO production, (2) photoenhanced reactions on aerosol surfaces, (3) direct vehicle and vessel emissions, (4) potential conversion of NO 2 at the ocean surface, and (5) emissions from soil bacteria. The revised WRF-Chem was applied to explore the sources of the high HONO concentrations (0.45-2.71 ppb) observed at a suburban site located within complex land types (with artificial land covers, ocean, and forests) in Hong Kong. With the addition of these sources, the revised model substantially reproduced the observed HONO levels. The heterogeneous conversions of NO 2 on ground surfaces dominated HONO sources contributing about 42% to the observed HONO mixing ratios, with emissions from soil bacterial contributing around 29%, followed by the oceanic source (~9%), photochemical formation via NO and OH (~6%), conversion on aerosol surfaces (~3%), and traffic emissions (~2%). The results suggest that HONO sources in suburban areas could be more complex and diverse than those in urban or rural areas and that the bacterial and/or ocean processes need to be considered in HONO production in forested and/or coastal areas. Sensitivity tests showed that the simulated HONO was sensitive to the uptake coefficient of NO 2 on the surfaces. Incorporation of the aforementioned HONO sources significantly improved the simulations of ozone, resulting in increases of ground-level ozone concentrations by 6-12% over urban areas in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region. This result highlights the importance of accurately representing HONO sources in simulations of secondary pollutants over polluted regions. ZHANG ET AL.MODELING HONO IN A SUBTROPICAL REGION 3645

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Enhancements of major aerosol components due to additional HONO sources in the North China Plain and implications for visibility and haze

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Impacts of Additional HONO Sources on Concentrations and Deposition of NO<sub>y</sub> in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

Impacts of Additional HONO Sources on Concentrations and Deposition of NO<sub>y</sub> in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

Combined impacts of nitrous acid and nitryl chloride on lower-tropospheric ozone: new module development in WRF-Chem and application to China

Potential sources of nitrous acid (HONO) and their impacts on ozone: A WRF‐Chem study in a polluted subtropical region

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