Enhancement on the tribological properties of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) by carbon nanotube‐supported graphitic carbon nitride hybrid

Abstract

A novel hybrid of carbon nanotube‐supported graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4/CNT) was firstly fabricated via facile calcination method, and then filled into poly (phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) to prepare self‐lubricating composite film. The microstructure and chemical composition of g‐C3N4/CNT hybrid were characterized, and its enhancement on the tribological properties of PPESK was investigated by comparing to pure PPESK and its composite films with g‐C3N4 or CNT only. Results showed that g‐C3N4 was in situ attached to CNT surface uniformly, which favored for improving the physical and chemical interfacial interaction between fillers and PPESK. Besides, by the incorporation of g‐C3N4/CNT, the hardness and elastic modulus of PPESK were improved by 15.05% and 41.75%, respectively. More importantly, PPESK‐g‐C3N4/CNT composite film showed the best tribological property among PPESK composite films. Its friction coefficient and wear rates were 65.5% and 84.1% lower than those of pure PPESK, as a result of good dispersion and interfacial action, as well as synergism between CNT and g‐C3N4. Based on the worn surface analysis, the enhancement mechanism of g‐C3N4/CNT was proposed.

Effect of Nanofillers on Tribological Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review on Recent Development

“…Several studies did not mention the type of CNT used in their research, and thus the discussion on these studies will generalize the nanofiller as CNT, which were supplied from the same company. The incorporation of CNT into poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) film [ 58 ] and acid-treated CNT into epoxy resin [ 59 ] reduced the COF and WR of their respective nanocomposites. This is ascribed to the high bearing capacity of CNT and its protection to the matrix surface from severe plowing damage, promoting the formation of small and thin debris.…”

“…This is ascribed to the high bearing capacity of CNT and its protection to the matrix surface from severe plowing damage, promoting the formation of small and thin debris. CNT has a better wear-reducing effect than graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C 3 N 4 ) [ 58 ] and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) [ 59 ], but not in the case of COF reduction. The structure of CNT provided more reinforcing effect, while the lamellar structure of g-C 3 N 4 and MoS 2 is easier to be sheared off.…”

“…g-C 3 N 4 , with a graphite-like layered structure, possesses superior self-lubricating properties. It was used as a filler to effectively lower the COF and WR of PPESK film [ 58 ] and bulk PI [ 125 ]. A weak van der Waals force between sheets eased the interlaminar shearing, and also a good interaction bond between g-C 3 N 4 and PPESK hindered the peel off of materials [ 58 ].…”

“…It was used as a filler to effectively lower the COF and WR of PPESK film [ 58 ] and bulk PI [ 125 ]. A weak van der Waals force between sheets eased the interlaminar shearing, and also a good interaction bond between g-C 3 N 4 and PPESK hindered the peel off of materials [ 58 ]. g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet significantly reduced COF of PPESK compared to CNT, but not for WR.…”

Mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride: An excellent lubricating additive as PPESK composite film

“…For instance, poly phthalazine ether sulfone ketone (PPESK) is a good soluble polymer with rigid phthalazine structure and aromatic rings, and has excellent mechanical and thermal properties, and reasonable chemical stability [8,9]. However, poor friction-reducing and antiwear properties of pure PPESK limit its tribological application in harsh operating conditions, so that it cannot satisfy the industrial demands [10].…”