Enhancement of use-dependent plasticity by
            <scp>d</scp>
            -amphetamine

Sawaki, Lumy; Cohen, Leonardo G.; Claßen, Joseph; Davis, Benjamin C.; Bütefisch, Cathrin M.

doi:10.1212/wnl.59.8.1262

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…21 The most extensively studied sensorystimulating drug by far is dextro-amphetamine. 22 In chronic stroke patients after 30 minutes of training, there was an increase not only in training-dependent plasticity but also in acceleration in the development of training-dependent plasticity when dextro-amphetamine was administered. Other drugs, such as neuropenaparine and adamoxaphine, are being tested and show preliminary promise in the laboratory setting.…”

Section: Learning That Is Relevant To Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Restoration for the Stroke Survivor: Informing the Efforts of Engineers

Patton

Small

Rymer

2008

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation

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As bioengineers begin to notice the importance of therapy in the recovery from stroke and other brain injuries, new technologies will be increasingly conceived, adapted, and designed to improve the patient's road to recovery. What is clear from engineering history, however, is that the best engineering efforts are often built on strong scientific foundations. In an effort to inform engineers with the necessary background on cutting edge research in the field of stroke and motor recovery, this article summarizes the views of several experts in the field as a result of a workshop held in 2006 on the topic. Here we elaborate on several areas relevant to this goal, including the pathophysiology of stroke and stroke recovery, the biomechanics, the secondary peripheral changes in muscle and other tissue, and the results of neuroimaging studies. One conclusion is that the current state of knowledge is now ripe for research using machines but that highly sophisticated robotic devices may not yet be needed. Instead, what may be needed is basic evidence that shows a difference in one therapeutic strategy over another. KeywordsCVA; control; movement; muscle; rehabilitation human; stroke There has been considerable attention in recent years to the natural course of recovery from stroke and to the effects of therapeutic intervention. This should not come as a great surprise, because stroke is by far the leading cause of physical disability among adults in the United States, with annual rehabilitation costs in the billions. The prevalence of stroke is enormous. According to the American Heart Association, the number of stroke survivors increased from 1.5 million in the early 1970s to 2.4 million by the early 1990s, 1 to over 3 million today. This increase goes hand in hand with the aging of our population. Currently, the population of those 65 years or older is approximately 33+ million (12.7% of US population in 1999) and is projected to be 53 million by 2020 and 77 million by 2040 (see www.strokeassociation.org). The percentage of Americans 45-54 years old living with stroke is under 2%; it is almost 4% in those 55-64 years old, rises to 6% for those 65-74, and rises to more than 10% for those 75 and over. 2 Clearly, the issues related to the long-term treatment of stroke will be increasingly important societal issues.Furthermore, although the incidence of stroke is falling overall, presumably because of the improvement in medical management of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and vascular disease, NIH Public Access

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Section: Learning That Is Relevant To Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Restoration for the Stroke Survivor: Informing the Efforts of Engineers

Patton

Small

Rymer

2008

Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation

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“…16,101 Among their functions, acetylcholine projections from the nucleus basalis transmit behaviourally relevant sensory information. Dopaminergic drugs such as levodopa, 102 as well as drugs that increase the availability of norepinephrine, such as methylphenidate 103 and amphetamine, 104,105 have shown some efficacy in strokerehabilitation trials when combined with physical or language therapy. Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental tract relate a reward to the cognitive effort of the task, which reinforces associative learning.…”

Section: Neuropharmacological Adjunctsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for stroke rehabilitation

Dobkin

2004

The Lancet Neurology

606

370

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Rehabilitation after hemiplegic stroke has typically relied on the training of patients in compensatory strategies. The translation of neuroscientific research into care has led to new approaches and renewed promise for better outcomes. Improved motor control can progress with task-specific training incorporating increased use of proximal and distal movements during intensive practice of real-world activities. Functional gains are incorrectly said to plateau by 3-6 months. Many patients retain latent sensorimotor function that can be realised any time after stroke with a pulse of goal-directed therapy. The amount of practice probably best determines gains for a given level of residual movement ability. Clinicians should encourage patients to build greater strength, speed, endurance, and precision of multijoint movements on tasks that increase independence and enrich daily activity. Imaging tools may help clinicians determine the capacity of residual networks to respond to a therapeutic approach and help establish optimal dose-response curves for training. Promising adjunct approaches include practice with robotic devices or in a virtual environment, electrical stimulation to increase cortical excitability during training, and drugs to optimise molecular mechanisms for learning. Biological strategies for neural repair may augment rehabilitation in the next decade.Rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia after stroke has been limited for decades by a lack of theory-driven strategies leading to successful clinical trials with improvement in motor skills for daily activities. Recent therapeutic approaches have begun to build on methods to manipulate the remarkable adaptability or plasticity of the brain in response to task-specific practice, drugs, robotic trainers, and other ways to augment motor learning. 1 In this review, I offer conceptual bases for a clinical science of neurorehabilitation and emphasise mechanisms and procedures to improve walking and arm movement to lessen disability and limitations in daily life. One goal is to diminish the pessimism of physicians regarding the effect of additional rehabilitation and to provide them with sensible advice to offer patients who seek to improve motor skills at any time after stroke. Patients with sensorimotor and visual-field loss are much more dependent on carers than those with pure motor impairments, but even the latter may walk too slowly to participate in out-of-home activities or may be unable to integrate the use of an affected arm into personal care.Rehabilitation for hemiplegic stroke includes organised multidisciplinary, supportive services that begin 48 h after onset in stable patients. Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation works to the advantage of patients and families in a general sense, but the effectiveness of each component of care falls short of evidence-based practice standards. The training of patients to compensate with the unaffected arm or leg has been a mainstay of rehabilitation. Physical, occupational, and speech therapists ...

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“…Additionally, a role of dopamine has also been suggested in motor skill learning in humans Sawaki et al 2002;Floel et al 2005a;Palminteri et al 2011;Lissek et al 2014). And recent studies show an effect of motivation and dopamine on rehabilitation of motor function after a central nervous system injury (Floel et al 2005b;Nishimura et al 2011;Lohse et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational state, reward value, and Pavlovian cues differentially affect skilled forelimb grasping in rats

2016

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Motor skills represent high-precision movements performed at optimal speed and accuracy. Such motor skills are learned with practice over time. Besides practice, effects of motivation have also been shown to influence speed and accuracy of movements, suggesting that fast movements are performed to maximize gained reward over time as noted in previous studies. In rodents, skilled motor performance has been successfully modeled with the skilled grasping task, in which animals use their forepaw to grasp for sugar pellet rewards through a narrow window. Using sugar pellets, the skilled grasping task is inherently tied to motivation processes. In the present study, we performed three experiments modulating animals' motivation during skilled grasping by changing the motivational state, presenting different reward value ratios, and displaying Pavlovian stimuli. We found in all three studies that motivation affected the speed of skilled grasping movements, with the strongest effects seen due to motivational state and reward value. Furthermore, accuracy of the movement, measured in success rate, showed a strong dependence on motivational state as well. Pavlovian cues had only minor effects on skilled grasping, but results indicate an inverse Pavlovian-instrumental transfer effect on movement speed. These findings have broad implications considering the increasing use of skilled grasping in studies of motor system structure, function, and recovery after injuries.

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Enhancement of use-dependent plasticity by d -amphetamine

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

Functional Restoration for the Stroke Survivor: Informing the Efforts of Engineers

Functional Restoration for the Stroke Survivor: Informing the Efforts of Engineers

Strategies for stroke rehabilitation

Motivational state, reward value, and Pavlovian cues differentially affect skilled forelimb grasping in rats

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