Enhancement of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/phenolic composites using a carbon nanotube network as the reinforcement

Tai, Nyan‐Hwa; Yeh, Meng‐Kao; Liu, Jia-Hau

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.06.002

Cited by 117 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, despite their intrinsic high mechanical and thermal properties, even after two decades of research, the full potential of employing carbon nanotubes (CNT) as reinforcements has been severely limited. This was because of the difficulties associated with dispersion of entangled carbon nanotubes during processing and poor interfacial interaction between nanofilaments and polymer matrix [1][2][3] . Some of the studies suggests, for instance, that carbon nanotube materials increase the shear strength of the composite at the fiber/matrix interface 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of carbon fiber composites modified by in situ incorporation of carbon nanofibers

et al. 2011

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Nano-carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers, are being thought to be used as multifunctional reinforcement in composites. The growing of carbon nanofiber at the carbon fiber/epoxy interface results in composites having better electrical properties than conventional carbon fiber/epoxy composites. In this work, carbon nanofibers were grown in situ over the surface of a carbon fiber fabric by chemical vapor deposition. Specimens of carbon fiber/nanofiber/epoxy (CF/CNF/epoxy) composites were molded and electrical conductivity was measured. Also, the CF/CNF/epoxy composites were tested under flexure and interlaminar shear. The results showed an overall reduction in mechanical properties as a function of added nanofiber, although electrical conductivity increased up to 74% with the addition of nanofibers. Thus CF/CNF/epoxy composites can be used as electrical dissipation discharge materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of carbon fiber composites modified by in situ incorporation of carbon nanofibers

et al. 2011

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“…Reference sample stopped weightlessness at 640 ∘ C; samples (a) and (b) stopped weightlessness at around 700 ∘ C; samples (c), (d), and (e) stopped weightlessness at around 750 ∘ C; sample (f) stopped weightlessness at around 833 ∘ C. The trend of the weightlessness of PR may be related to the structure and morphology of the CNFs in modified PR samples (Figure 1). Since the oxidation reaction usually starts from the defect position of CNFs [16], it can be suggested that high crystallinity of CNFs can promote the oxidation resistance of PR in high temperature.…”

Section: Tg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Carbon Nanofibers in Phenolic Resin for Carbon-Contained Refractory Using Different Catalysts

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Various phenolic resins modified with carbon nanofibers were prepared using Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , and Ni(NO 3 ) 3 as catalyst, respectively. The influences of different catalysts on the phase, microstructure evolution, and oxidation resistance of the modified phenolic resin were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The results showed that, compared with a single catalyst, the mixed catalysts (Co(NO 3 ) 2 : Fe(NO 3 ) 3 = 1 : 1) promoted the growth of the carbon nanofibers, which have the higher crystallinity, homogeneous dispersion, and nonagglomeration. These carbon nanofibers can effectively reduce carbon losses, increase char yield, and fill the holes in the thermal cracking process of phenolic resins.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12] This is responsible for the carbon nanotube bundles down to only a few GPa. [8][9][10][11][12] Nowadays, phenolic resins are indeed irreplaceable materials for selective high-technology applications, offering high reliability under severe conditions. Because of its excellent ablative properties, structural integrity, thermal stability and solvent resistance, phenolic resins are still widely used, especially in thermal insulation materials, molding compounds, coatings and composite materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the strong van der Waals forces of single CNTs, this reinforcement tends to form bundles within production process. For thermoset resin, several works have been done [7][8][9][10][11][12] in order to deagglomerate CNT bundles using organic and inorganic surfactants solvents. Botelho et al 2041 Vol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, despite the extremely high strength of individual CNT shells, the weak shear interactions between adjacent shells and tubes lead to significant reductions in the effective strength of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. [8][9][10][11][12] This is responsible for the carbon nanotube bundles down to only a few GPa. [8][9][10][11][12] Nowadays, phenolic resins are indeed irreplaceable materials for selective high-technology applications, offering high reliability under severe conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dispersing carbon nanotubes in phenolic resin using an aqueous solution

Botelho¹,

Edwards

Bittmann³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A capacidade de controlar a dispersão de nanotubos de carbono (CNT) em polímeros é considerada ponto chave para a maioria das aplicações de compósitos de nanotubo/polímero. A dispersão de nanotubos de carbono em água com diferentes surfactantes, assim como sua incorporação em resinas fenólicas, foi investigada. Ultrasonicação de suspenções líquidas foi usada para preparar dispersões estáveis. A fim de se avaliar o melhor surfactante a ser usado, espalhamento de luz e espectroscopia UV-Visível foram empregados. A estrutura de CNT reforçada de resina fenólica foi analisada em função da concentração e tipo de surfactante, potência e tempo de sonicação. A influência da dispersão pelo uso das propriedades de transição de temperatura vítrea também foi avaliada, sendo obtida por análise mecânica dinâmica e energia de impacto.The ability to control the carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion in polymers is considered the key to most applications of nanotube/polymer composites. The carbon nanotube dispersion into water with different surfactants, as well as its incorporation into phenolic resins, was investigated. Ultrasonication of liquid suspensions was used to prepare stable dispersions. In order to evaluate the best surfactant to be used, light scattering and UV-Visible spectroscopy were employed. The structure of CNT reinforced of phenolic resin was analyzed in function of the concentration and type of surfactant, sonication power and time. It was also evaluated the influence in the dispersion by using the glass temperature transition properties being obtained by dynamic mechanical analyses and impact energy. Keywords: carbon nanotubes, polymeric composites, phenolic resin IntroductionPolymer composites based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted tremendous attention during these last years due to the impressive mechanical properties of CNTs, including high modulus value (around 1TPa), strength of 50-200 GPa, failure strain of up to 15% and electrical conductivity ranging from semiconducting to metallic, depending on their structure. [1][2][3][4][5] The interaction between functional groups of the compatibilizer and carboxyl or amine groups of multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) stabilized the morphology and improved the interfacial interaction between MWCNTs and the thermoset matrix. 6,7 In general, the nanoscale dispersion of MWCNTs in polymeric matrix is achieved by strong hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of the MWCNTs and polymer groups. Therefore, despite the extremely high strength of individual CNT shells, the weak shear interactions between adjacent shells and tubes lead to significant reductions in the effective strength of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. [8][9][10][11][12] This is responsible for the carbon nanotube bundles down to only a few GPa. [8][9][10][11][12] Nowadays, phenolic resins are indeed irreplaceable materials for selective high-technology applications, offering high reliability under severe conditions. Because of its excellent ablative properties, structural integrity, thermal stabili...

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Enhancement of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/phenolic composites using a carbon nanotube network as the reinforcement

Cited by 117 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of carbon fiber composites modified by in situ incorporation of carbon nanofibers

Evaluation of carbon fiber composites modified by in situ incorporation of carbon nanofibers

Growth of Carbon Nanofibers in Phenolic Resin for Carbon-Contained Refractory Using Different Catalysts

Dispersing carbon nanotubes in phenolic resin using an aqueous solution

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